本研究大幅更新NTHU飛航劑量評估程式與其資料庫，引入三個全新的功能：(1)多航線自動批次處理、(2)表列所有航班的總劑量評估、以及(3)沿著飛行路線的累積能譜計算，可廣泛用於探討宇宙射線與飛航劑量相關的重要課題。本研究使用FLUKA模擬銀河宇宙射線與大氣層的作用，計算中子、質子、渺子、介子、電子、正子、光子，以及各種重粒子從海平面到70 km高空的劑量率及能譜，考慮高度、太陽活度與地球磁場的影響並建構一完整大氣層網格之輻射資料庫。據此，透過一系列內外插及線積分可快速評估任一航線的劑量及累積能譜。NTHU飛航劑量評估程式的可靠度已透過與文獻中多樣計算或測量結果的比較獲得驗證。
基於更新版NTHU飛航劑量評估程式的新功能，本研究展示如下四個重要的應用：(1)針對11條台灣重要航線，透過批次處理功能分析1100條實際飛航路線數據，探討飛航路線差異的效應、比較實際與大圓航線的差異、以及不同太陽活度的影響。(2)展現累積能譜可能的應用，除了不同劑量單位轉換之外，亦可應用於飛航測量實驗設計以及偵檢器響應分析，或是評估宇宙射線對於飛機電子元件的單粒子翻轉效應。(3)針對台灣最長國際航線，考量其2017整年所有航線的劑量結果進行深度的統計分析，引進散佈圖與相關係數來量化評估各項與劑量相關參數之間的關係。(4)根據公開的民航年報，透過表列所有航班總劑量評估的功能，提出一套全面並可靠的機師年平均劑量計算的模式；以華航與長榮兩家航空公司為例，本研究計算了2006到2018年機師的年集體及平均有效劑量，並引進迴歸分析評估其變化的原因與趨勢，相關結果未來可應用於台灣飛行人員輻射劑量的評估與管制。

This study presents important updates of the NTHU Flight Dose Calculator, which not only extends its capabilities but also introduces three new features: the automatic batch analysis of multiple flights, route dose summation over all scheduled flights, and estimation of the cumulative spectra of cosmic rays along a flight path. Based on the results of extensive and high-fidelity FLUKA simulations of atmospheric showers generated by galactic cosmic rays, a global database containing effective dose rates and energy spectra of neutrons, protons, muons, pions, electrons, positrons, photons, and heavy ions at various altitudes ranging from sea level up to 70 km was constructed and parameterized accounting for the dependences of altitude, geomagnetic cutoff rigidity, and solar modulation. The aviation route doses and cumulative spectra of various radiation components can be estimated by performing a series of interpolations and integration along a path. The calculator has been benchmarked by comparing with various results in the literature.
The new features of the NTHU Flight Dose Calculator were demonstrated through the following applications: (1) Conduct a systematic dose assessment for 11 popular flights from Taiwan, with an emphasis on the effects of flight route variation and great-circle approximation. (2) Show three potentially useful applications for cumulative spectra: as an alternative approach to estimate the route dose; correcting onboard neutron detector responses caused by unwanted components in cosmic rays; and estimating single-event upset in avionics. (3) Perform an in-depth analysis of aviation route doses for the longest distance flight from Taiwan. In addition, dose relationships with influenctial parameters were identified using correlation coefficients and scatterplots. (4) Propose a feasible and comprehensive approach for estimating collective and average effective doses of galactic cosmic radiation received by pilots on the basis of data in publicly available civil aviation annual statistical reports. The assessment of the annual effective doses received by pilots in Taiwan from 2006 to 2018 was performed. A regression model that can effectively reproduce the derived average effective dose rates on board aircraft was obtained for future application in aircrew dosimetry.

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