光纖通訊中常常使用單模光纖(Single Mode Fiber)來傳送單一模態的光，因為其色散小，所以適合拿來做長距離的傳播，其結構是由中心(core)折射率較高的玻璃材料與外面包覆(cladding)折射率稍低的玻璃材料組成，利用全反射原理，讓光沿著光纖前進，要維持單模態主要由兩個參數決定，一是中心core與外面cladding的折射率差，一是光纖截面積，折射率差與截面積越小越容易形成單模態，一般單模光纖材料以二氧化矽(SiO2)為主，core再摻入其他氧化物(如P2O5)來提高折射率，其core直徑約8-10μm，光纖接其他元件時，如果modefield不匹配，就會有耦合耗損(coupling loss)過大的問題。傳統的矽通波導，因為core與外面cladding折射率差過大，如果要維持單模態則截面積必須做的比單模光纖小很多[1] [2][3]，造成耦合耗損過大，本論文一樣以矽(Silicon)為材料，但提出一種與光纖具有高耦合效率的新型結構，再將光做分光。

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