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研究生: 廖榮皇
Liao, Jung-Huang
論文名稱: 應用於消防及緊急逃生之照明光學系統設計
Optical System Design for Fire Fighting and Emergency Evacuation
指導教授: 蕭德瑛
Shaw, Dein
口試委員: 洪景華
Hung, Ching-Hua
石修
Sche, Schiu
宋震國
Sung, Cheng-Kuo
葉廷仁
Yeh, Ting-Jen
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工學院 - 動力機械工程學系
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 147
中文關鍵詞: 消防能源擷取發光二極體照明逃生
外文關鍵詞: Fire Fighting, Energy Harvest, LED, Illumination, Evacuation
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  • 在消防滅火任務中,光及水通常為最典型且重要的需求;然而,從傳統消防設備的相關設計及研究中卻缺乏能夠整合光及水相互關係的元素。因此本研究對光線造成散射的煙霧以及水霧粒子進行討論並發展出在漆黑火場中較佳設計的照明。而在一般的思維中,提供黑暗環境照明的能量來源主要來自於電池或是公共電力系統,此思維無疑隱藏了產品在系統複雜度、高成本、維護能力、功能不足以及人因考量上的挑戰。本研究發展出一套能夠利用微型渦輪發電機在水線管路中進行能源擷取的系統;其大部分的水量為提供滅火所需,而被擷取的較少水量所產生的電力將用於LED的照明以及雷射指引功能。其提供了一個共生性設計,能夠充分利用周遭環境的資源滿足應用場域上的需求,而不需要額外的能源輸入以及人力上的付出。
    消防瞄子燈(Nozzle Light)提供了消防員一個具有共生性設計的功能,使其能夠同時在撒水滅火時,同步對於漆黑的火場進行照明。消防瞄子燈的確改善了滅火的效率以及消防人員的安全。而在緊急照明或指示燈裝置不足或故障的情況下,與自動撒水頭結合在一起的消防撒水燈(Sprinkler Light),將能利用火場煙霧產生散射效應的雷射光束進行逃生指引,其將大幅提昇受困火場中民眾的逃生及生存機率。


    Light and water are typically-important needs in a fire safety and fire-fighting task. However, the traditional designs and studies of relative apparatuses are lack of elements which integrate the interactions of light and water. In this study, the smoke and the water particles which scatter the light are discussed to develop a better design of the illumination in dark fire scenes. In general thinking, battery and utility-wires are the primary options of powering the needed illumination in dark scenes. The old thinking hides the challenges of complexity, high cost, maintenance, insufficient functions, and ergonomics of products. We develop a device that harvests a portion of the hydropower in the water passing through a pipe to drive a micro-turbine alternator and generate electrical power. The water is used to extinguish a fire. The electricity thus generated powers LEDs and laser. Herein, this study provides a synergistic design which takes advantage of the ambient resources sufficiently to supply the demands of the field without extra inputs of energy and people’s efforts.
    A Nozzle Light provides firefighters with a synergistic function, enabling the user to simultaneously spray water and illuminate the fire scene without requiring additional effort to handle the lighting unit. The Nozzle Light improves both fire-extinguishing efficiency and firefighter safety. And the Sprinkler Light using the scattering effect of laser with particles is integrated with the automatic sprinkler; it is proposed to solve the problem of fire evacuation when there are inadequate or faulty emergency lights or indicators. It is believed that with the development of this study, the possibility of survival and the chance for rescue are increased.

    Abstract 3 Acknowledgements 5 Contents 6 Figure Captions 8 Table Captions 13 Abbreviation List 14 Chapter 1 Introduction 15 1.1 Motivation 15 1.2 Literature Review 17 1.3 Patents Survey 28 1.4 Content of This Study 52 Chapter 2 Design of Nozzle Light 53 2.1 Disadvantage of Commercial Flashlights 53 2.2 The Fire Nozzle 54 2.3 Hydropower Harvest to Supply the Power of Nozzle Light 56 2.3.1 Micro-Turbine Rotor of Nozzle Light 56 2.3.2 Induction Alternator and Electrical Logic of Nozzle Light 58 2.4 Optical Design of Nozzle Light 59 2.5 Light Source of Nozzle Light 62 2.6 Optical Design Process of Nozzle Light 65 2.7 Optical Design and Simulation of Nozzle Light 72 2.8 Thermal Design of Nozzle Light 74 Chapter 3 Experimental Approve of Nozzle Light Design 79 3.1 Experiment of Nozzle Light System 79 3.1.1 Equipment Setup of Nozzle Light 79 3.1.2 Experimental Procedures of Nozzle Light 80 3.2 Optical Experiment of Nozzle Light 81 3.3 Thermal Experiment of Nozzle Light 82 3.4 Experimental Results of Nozzle Light 87 3.4.1 System Pressure Drop 87 3.4.2 Optical Experimental Results 89 3.4.3 Thermal Experimental Results 90 3.4.4 New Derived Equations 93 3.5 Discussion of Nozzle Light 98 Chapter 4 Analysis of Water Spray Effect on Nozzle Light Lighting 101 4.1 CAD Modeling 101 4.2 Results and Discussion of Analysis 105 4.3 Experiment 113 4.3.1 Measurement without Water 113 4.3.2 Measurement with Water 115 4.3.3 Results and Discussion of Experiment 116 4.4 Comparison of the Results of Analysis and Experiment 118 Chapter 5 Application of Water Energy Harvested to Sprinkler Light 121 5.1 The Configuration of the Automatic Sprinkler System 121 5.2 Automatic Sprinklers 122 5.3 Sprinkler Distribution 123 5.4 Hydropower Harvester of Sprinkler Light 124 5.5 Optical Requirements of Sprinkler Light 126 5.6 Light Sources of Sprinkler Light 127 5.7 LED Illumination Module 127 5.8 Laser Module 128 5.9 Design of the Holographic Pattern 129 5.10 Simulation of the Holographic Pattern 131 5.11 Projection of the Holographic Pattern 134 5.12 Experiment of Water Pressure Drop of Sprinkler Light 135 5.13 Results of Sprinkler Light 137 5.14 Discussion of Sprinkler Light 138 Chapter 6 Conclusions 140 References 145

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