本研究是以有限元素法分析玻璃陶瓷在束縛燒結時的應力分佈。理論分析結果顯示：玻璃陶瓷因束縛燒結所產生的張應力在界面處為最大，此張應力隨著與界面的距離增加而減少，至玻璃陶瓷的中心位置達到最小值。此張應力亦會降低燒結驅動力，進而使玻璃陶瓷的緻密性不佳。上述的預測亦符合實驗觀察結果，亦即是在界面層附近玻璃陶瓷擁有的殘餘孔洞遠多於玻璃陶瓷的中心位置。另外，又由於玻璃陶瓷中心位置受束縛層影響最小，因此當玻璃陶瓷層厚度增加時，玻璃陶瓷的中心位置在平面方向的內縮現象變成相當顯著，而且內縮量隨著玻璃陶瓷厚度與燒結溫度的增加而增加。

[1] W.D.Kingery,H.K.Bowen,and D.R.Uhlmann,Introduction to Ceramics,2nd ed.(John Wiley & Sons,New York,1976),p.448.
[2] G-Q.Lu,R.C.Sutterlin,and T.K.Gupta, "Effect of Mismatched Sintering Kinetics on Camber in a Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic Package, "J.Am.Ceram. Soc.76[8] 1907-14(1993).
[3] R.C.Sutterlin,G-Q.Lu,and T.K.Gupta , Ceram. Trans. 33, 435 (1993).
[4] C.H.Hsueh,Scripa Metall,19,1213(1985).
[5] R.K.Bordia and R.Raj,"Sintering Behavior of Ceramic Films Constrained by a Rigind Substrate,"J.Am.Ceram.Soc.68[6]
287-92(1985).
[6] T.J.Garino and H.K.Bowen, "Kinetics of Constrained-Film Sintering,"J.Am.Ceram.Soc.73[2]251-57(1990).
[7] G.W.Scherer and T.J.Garino, "Viscous Sintering on a Rigind Substrate,"J.Am.Ceram.Soc,68[4]216-20(1985).
[8] W.N.Findley,J.S.Lai,and K.Onaran,Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials,New York,1976.
[9] R.Gardon and O.S.Narayanaswamy, "Stree and Volume Ralaxation in Annealing Flat Glass," J.Am.Ceram.
Soc,53[7]380-85(1970).
[10]G.W.Scherer,"Use of Adam-Gibbs Equation in the Analysis of Structural Relaxation," J.Am.Ceram.Soc,67[7]504-11(1984).
[11] R.S. Lakes,Viscoelastic Solids, New York,1999.
[12] O.S.Narayanaswamy, "A Model Structural Relaxation in Glass,"J.Am.Ceram.Soc,54[10]491-98(1971).
[13] R.K.Bordia and G.W.Scherer, "On Constrained Sintering -Ⅰ.Constitutive Model for a Sintering Body ,"Acta.Metall,36[9]2393-97(1988).
[14] S.Pejovnik,D.Kolar,W.J.Huppmann and G.Petzow,in "Sintering-New Developments,"edit by M.M.Ristic,p285.
[15] J.-H.Jean and C.-R.Chang, "Effect of Ag Paste Formulation on Camber Development During Cofiring a Ag-Based,Low=Temperature Cofired Ceramic Package," J.Am.Ceram.Soc,81[11]2805-14(1998).
[16] J.K.Mackenzie, "The Elastic Constants of a Solid Containing Spherical Holes,"Proc.Phys.Soc.
London,Sec.B,63[B],2-11(1950).
[17] W.D.Kingery, "Sintering in the Presence of a Liquid Phase,",Ceramic Fabrication (M.I.T.pree,Cambridge,
MA,1968),P.131.
[18] J.Bang and G-Q.Lu, "Constrained-Film Sintering of a Borosilicate Glass:In Situ Measurement of Film Stresses,"J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,78[3]813-15(1995).