摘要
近年來， 人們採用高科技的方法致力於製備均勻、高純度、顆粒小、球狀、分散性好、粒徑分布窄和比表面積大的貴重金屬粒子。由於奈米級貴重金屬具有較高的表面積比及催化活性，因此有極高的潛力應用化學鍍銅活化液。
本實驗利用化學還原法，以高分子為保護劑在室溫下的純乙二醇(EG)系統中加入氫氧化鈉促進乙二醇還原鈀的速率，此方法成功的改進了過去乙二醇下合成鈀奈米粒子需要外加還原劑或升溫的方法。利用TEM與XRD鑑定鈀奈米粒子，得知隨著氫氧化鈉濃度的增加得到顆粒小均勻、分散性好且粒徑分布窄的鈀奈米粒子。當氫氧化鈉從0增加到3.2 X 10-1M，粒徑則由8.6降低到2.4 nm。吾人進一步利用FT-IR鑑定氫氧化鈉加入乙二醇的產物，發現隨著時間的增加，具有還原力的醛化合物亦增加，證明在乙二醇中加入氫氧化鈉可加速乙二醇的還原力。
將新開發的Pd/PVP/EG用水析釋配活化液，應用於印刷電路板無電鍍銅製程，由鍍通孔或無電鍍銅的研究發現，此鈀奈米粒子在低濃度(10ppm)操作亦具有很好的穩定性，且不若市售鈀離子系統活化液，它需要外加還原劑的程序，此高經濟價值具有與目前商業活化液- 錫鈀、離子鈀相批敵的潛力。本實驗中，也開發出一適合Pd/PVP/EG的整孔劑與無電鍍銅製程，解決鈀金屬在非導電板材吸附力的問題。本實驗也發現在實際應用於鍍通孔(PTH)時，Pd/PVP/EG的吸附將受到蝕刻酸洗的影響，使得鍍通孔製程不佳，此問題有待未來進一步的研究。

近年來， 人們採用高科技的方法致力於製備均勻、高純度、顆粒小、球狀、分散性好、粒徑分布窄和比表面積大的貴重金屬粒子。由於奈米級貴重金屬具有較高的表面積比及催化活性，因此有極高的潛力應用化學鍍銅活化液。
本實驗利用化學還原法，以高分子為保護劑在室溫下的純乙二醇(EG)系統中加入氫氧化鈉促進乙二醇還原鈀的速率，此方法成功的改進了過去乙二醇下合成鈀奈米粒子需要外加還原劑或升溫的方法。利用TEM與XRD鑑定鈀奈米粒子，得知隨著氫氧化鈉濃度的增加得到顆粒小均勻、分散性好且粒徑分布窄的鈀奈米粒子。當氫氧化鈉從0增加到3.2 X 10-1M，粒徑則由8.6降低到2.4 nm。吾人進一步利用FT-IR鑑定氫氧化鈉加入乙二醇的產物，發現隨著時間的增加，具有還原力的醛化合物亦增加，證明在乙二醇中加入氫氧化鈉可加速乙二醇的還原力。
將新開發的Pd/PVP/EG用水析釋配活化液，應用於印刷電路板無電鍍銅製程，由鍍通孔或無電鍍銅的研究發現，此鈀奈米粒子在低濃度(10ppm)操作亦具有很好的穩定性，且不若市售鈀離子系統活化液，它需要外加還原劑的程序，此高經濟價值具有與目前商業活化液- 錫鈀、離子鈀相批敵的潛力。本實驗中，也開發出一適合Pd/PVP/EG的整孔劑與無電鍍銅製程，解決鈀金屬在非導電板材吸附力的問題。本實驗也發現在實際應用於鍍通孔(PTH)時，Pd/PVP/EG的吸附將受到蝕刻酸洗的影響，使得鍍通孔製程不佳，此問題有待未來進一步的研究。

Abstract
In the conventional polyol method, addition of extra reducing agent or reacting at high temperature is needed to accelerate the reduction rate. However, our investigation shows stable and uniform Pd nanoparticles protected by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) can be successfully synthesized in pure ethylene glycol (EG) under room temperature by adding of NaOH to speed up the reduction.
The average particle size of the so-obtain Pd nanoparticles ranges from 8.6 to 2.4 nm when the NaOH changes from 0 to 3.2×10-1 M. The particle formation was monitored by UV-Vis. And the microstructure of Pd nanopartilces was analyzed by TEM and XRD. The product of adding NaOH in EG was characterized by FT-IR and compound having –CHO group was identified, which possesses reductive ability and proves that adding NaOH in EG can indeed accelerate the reduction of Pd.
The newly developed Pd nanoparticle was tested to be an effective activator for electroless cooper deposit and especially for PTH processing in the PCB industry. The Pd/PVP/EG based activator shows not only superior stability but also improved performance compared with existing commercial activators. Suitable conditioning procedures for the newly synthesized activator were also developed.

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