辛巴威型 (Z型) 與全球型 (M型) 的黃果蠅在族群間存在一個不對稱的生殖隔離，此一現象提供了我們一個很好的機會去研究初期種化的過程。先前的研究指出，在多重選擇的條件下，Z型的雌果蠅只會接受與她同型的雄果蠅進行交尾，而M型的雌果蠅會接受兩型雄果蠅。此一生殖隔離系統引發了一連串有趣的議題，譬如如何維持Z/M族群中的多型性，雄果蠅具有何種差異可做為不同類型間的辨識因子，以及雌果蠅辨識這些差異的機制為何。由於求偶行為可能在阻斷基因交流上扮演很重要的角色，因此我首先調查兩型雄果蠅在求偶行為上的差異，結果顯示求偶歌及一系列的求偶動作模組很可能是辨識因子。藉由觀察不同型配對中兩性間的互動，我更發現了M型雌果蠅也有偏好選擇同類型雄果蠅的特性，證實了此生殖隔離其實是雙向的，有助於維持族群間的多型性。經由讓雌果蠅選擇帶有不同表皮碳氫化合物的雄果蠅作為其交尾對象，表皮碳氫化合物被證實為一提供M型雌果蠅辨識的因子。我更進ㄧ步去研究此雄果蠅特徵的遺傳基礎，發現第三條染色體扮演最重要的角色。最後，透過剪去嗅覺器官的方式去研究M型雌果蠅在辨認表皮碳氫化合物的機制，我證實了M型雌果蠅利用嗅覺和味覺去辨識表皮碳氫化合物，但此辨識機制在辨識M型與Z型的差異 (透過嗅覺) 及辨識Z型群族中的多型性 (至少透過味覺) 是不相同的。 藉由不同的實驗設計，我們對於在交尾前生殖隔離中兩性間的辨識有進ㄧ步的了解。

The asymmetric sexual isolation between Zimbabwe (Z-type) and Cosmopolitan (M-type) populations in Drosophila melanogaster provides an opportunity to investigate the incipient speciation process. Under multiple choice conditions, Z females mate only with males of their own type while M females accept both types of males. This reproductive isolation system raises several interesting issues such as the evolutionary forces maintaining the Z/M polymorphism, the candidate discrimination cues of male characters, and the female recognition mechanism. In this study, I investigated the differences of courtship behavior between two races which probably play an important role in preventing gene flow at premating stage. The courtship song and behavioral sequential module were inferred as possible discrimination cues. Furthermore, through observing the interaction between two sexes in interracial crosses, the previous hidden M female preference was revealed, which could contribute on the Z/M polymorphism maintenance. Cuticular hydrocarbons were further identified to be discrimination cues of M females via perfuming experiments and single choice behavior assays. The third chromosome has the predominate role on male pheromones recognized by M females. By surgically cutting the olfactory organs, I demonstrate that both olfaction and gustation involved in M female discrimination but the discrimination in M/Z (via olfactory system) and that in polymorphic Z races (at least via gustatory system) are different. Through different experimental designs, we can further understand the details between recognition traits and preference in this premating isolation system.

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