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研究生： 黃尹琪
Huang, Yin-Chi
論文名稱： 中國雲南一個少數民族小鎮的廣場舞社群民族誌
An Ethnography of Square Dancing Communities In a Small Town In Yunnan, China
指導教授： 蔣斌
Chiang, Bien
何翠萍
Ho, Tsui-Ping
口試委員: 陳文德
Chen, Wen-Te
高雅寧
Kao, Ya-ning
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 人文社會學院 - 人類學研究所
Anthropology
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 129
中文關鍵詞： 廣場舞 、城鎮化 、少數民族 、花腰傣 、社群
外文關鍵詞： square dancing, urbanization, ethnic minority, Dai, community
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    • 戛灑鎮座落於中國雲南紅河上游河谷，鎮上居住著傣、漢、彝等多個族群。為了提升當地經濟，戛灑地方政府正積極推動地方產業朝向非農方向發展。戛灑鎮原是生產水稻與甘蔗的小鎮，但地方政府自八零年代開始發展礦業，並於2000年時著力開發花腰傣民族旅遊。在此過程中，戛灑出現大量由女性組成的廣場舞社群。
    本論文旨在探究促成廣場舞社群在戛灑鎮大量出現的原因。既有的廣場舞研究認為，廣場舞在中國城市地區的流行，是與個人身處個體化社會下的情境息息相關。然而，戛灑作為一個少數民族小鎮，當地廣場舞興盛蓬勃的原因與一般城市地區有所差異。經由分析戛灑鎮廣場舞社群的長期發展過程，及成員們對待廣場舞活動的態度和想法，本論文指出戛灑廣場舞社群的興盛，是由國家力量、市場力量與個人自主性和自發性相互交織而成。國家力量與市場力量不僅直接與個人自主性和自發性相互動，而促成了廣場舞社群的出現與發展，同時，在地方政府推動經濟結構轉型的過程中，國家力量和國家大力引導的市場力量為戛灑帶來農村城鎮化、少數民族城鎮化的影響。在兩種城鎮化時而協作、時而拉扯的作用之下，改變了個人的生活方式和時間安排，也重塑了個人對於少數民族文化、現代性村寨生活的認知與想像。面對城鎮化帶來的種種變遷，許多人嘗試通過參與或不參與廣場舞活動來回應，進而影響廣場舞社群的興起與存續。

    Gasa is a small town located in upper reaches of Red river in Yunnan, China, where is home to multiple ethnic groups, including Dai, Han, and Yi. In order to further boost the local economy, Gasa government has been actively promoting an economic transformation from agriculture to industry. Rice and sugar cane production were indispensable to the town economy, while mining and tourism have become two main sources of income for Gasa people since 1980s and 2000s respectively. Along with the increasing popularity and ubiquity of square dancing in China, a number of square dancing communities are emerging in Gasa, wholly composed by women.
    This study aims to explore the underlying causes behind the recent emergence of square dancing communities in Gasa. Previous research has attributed the popularity of square dancing in China to the individualization of society. However, according to my ethnographic study in Gasa where lives an array of ethnic minorities, I found the actual reasons are significantly different from those in urban areas, particularly Han cities. This thesis shows that the state, market, agencies of individuals, and their mutual interactions are the main impetus of popularity of square dancing in Gasa. The state and market interact with agencies of individuals and the intersections finally contribute to the emergence and growth of square dancing. In the process of economic transformation, the state and market dominated by the state have led to rapid urbanization of both village and ethnic minority region. The two types of urbanization deeply influence the lifestyles of Gasa people, including time arrangement in daily lives. They also reshape Gasa people’s perceptions and imaginations towards minority cultures and modern town lives. Consequently, lots of Gasa people choose to participate in the square dancing or not, as a strategy to respond to the recent social changes. The responding strategy of Gasa people directly facilitate the popularity of square dancing in Gasa.

    第一章、緒論........................................................................................................................ 1 一、研究緣起.............................................................................................................. 1 二、問題意識.............................................................................................................. 4 三、文獻回顧.............................................................................................................. 5 四、研究地點與對象............................................................................................... 11 （一）戛灑鎮................................................................................................... 11 （二）花腰傣................................................................................................... 18 五、研究方法............................................................................................................ 20 六、章節安排............................................................................................................ 22 第二章、廣場舞社群之定義............................................................................................ 23 一、定義廣場舞社群............................................................................................... 23 二、戛灑鎮上的廣場舞社群................................................................................... 24 （一）官方性廣場舞社群：傣族村寨文藝隊............................................ 24 （二）草根性廣場舞社群.............................................................................. 26 （三）兼具官方性和草根性的廣場舞社群................................................ 35 四、小結.................................................................................................................... 35 第三章、傣族村寨文藝隊............................................................................................... 39 一、作為官方性廣場舞社群的傣族村寨文藝隊................................................ 40 二、戛灑鎮上的旅遊表演團隊.............................................................................. 43 三、傣族村寨文藝隊的發展.................................................................................. 47 四、傣族村寨文藝隊的組成.................................................................................. 51 五、擺盪於工作與娛樂之間的跳舞活動............................................................. 53 六、逐漸形成的傣族舞蹈文化.............................................................................. 61 七、小結.................................................................................................................... 67 第四章、傣鄉中的彝族廣場舞社群.............................................................................. 71 一、被打造成為「花腰傣之鄉」的戛灑鎮......................................................... 71 二、彝族廣場舞社群............................................................................................... 77 三、討論：自娛自樂，與保存、發揚彝族文化傳統並存的廣場舞活動.......... 82 四、小結..................................................................................................................... 84 第五章、由無舞蹈傳統的傣人組成的草根性廣場舞社群.......................................... 89 一、官龍廣場舞....................................................................................................... 90 二、官龍廣場舞的舞者們...................................................................................... 92 三、舞者參與官龍廣場舞的原因......................................................................... 94 四、「閒著」的時間.............................................................................................. 98 五、農村城鎮化下的空閒時光............................................................................ 105 六、傣人在屬於自己的時間中跳舞................................................................... 111 七、小結.................................................................................................................. 116 第六章、結論.................................................................................................................. 119 一、戛灑鎮上多樣的廣場舞社群........................................................................ 119 二、國家、市場與個人共構的戛灑廣場舞流行................................................ 120 三、當代的戛灑廣場舞生活................................................................................ 122 四、研究侷限與未來研究方向............................................................................ 124 （一）當今戛灑傣人的宗教生活................................................................ 124 （二）戛灑男性的生活................................................................................ 124 參考文獻.......................................................................................................................... 126

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