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研究生： 賀煦雯
論文名稱： 添加層狀雙氫氧化物於膠態染料敏化太陽能電池之應用
指導教授： 呂世源
口試委員: 衛子健
簡淑華
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 97
中文關鍵詞： 染料敏化太陽能電池 、膠態電解質 、層狀雙氫氧化物
相關次數： 點閱：3  下載：0 
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    • 液態電解液所組成的染料敏化太陽能電池(Dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSC)長期以來，有易揮發、漏液、長效性不佳的缺點。因此，希望以膠態電解質或固態電解質來取代之。固態電解質長久以來都有與光電極接觸不良，使得光電轉換效率無法明顯提升的問題。近年來，膠態電解質已在DSSC上有很好的應用，相較於固態，膠態電解質與光電極的接觸性較佳，因此，本實驗選擇以膠態電解質做為研究方向。
    本研究中，使用屬於陰離子型黏土的層狀材料：Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH)。分別利用分離成核熟化法及低過飽和沉澱法合成ZnAl-CO3與ZnAl-Cl作為PVDF-HFP膠態電解質之添加劑。在電池效率方面，液態DSSC電池效率可達8.13 %，添加10 wt%PVDF-HFP之高分子DSSC電池效率為7.48 %，而添加1 wt%的ZnAl-CO3/PVDF-HFP(後面文章皆把PVDF-HFP部分省略，以簡化文章篇幅)後其效率可達8.11 %；0.5 wt%的ZnAl-Cl/PVDF-HFP(同前)後其效率可達8.11 %，其效率與液態DSSC相近。並在VOC方面有顯著的增益，液態DSSC電池之VOC為0.74 V，添加10 wt% PVDF-HFP之高分子DSSC電池之VOC為0.74 V，而添加1 wt%的ZnAl-CO3後其VOC可達0.79 V；1 wt%的ZnAl-Cl之VOC可達0.79 V。經由電化學交流阻抗與傳輸線模型分析可知，當VOC提升時，再結合電阻較大，且電子壽命增加，證明此添加物可減少電子的再結合現象。另外，經由cyclic voltammetry (CV)分析，發現其電解質的氧化還原位置有明顯地往正電位移動，應是造成VOC增加的原因之一。而在長效性測試方面，以500小時為量測基準下，10 wt% PVDF-HFP條件之電池之長效為原始的101.8 %；而液態電解液電池，經過480小時後，其效率為初始的91.9 %。而最低添加比例0.25 wt%的ZnAl-CO3與ZnAl-Cl的電池長效性分別可維持原來效率的96 %與99 %的表現，表示微量添加ZnAl-LDH仍有助益。

    摘要 I Abstract II 致謝 IV 總目錄 V 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 X 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 太陽能電池發展歷程 3 1-3 研究目的與動機 6 第二章 文獻回顧 7 2-1 Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) 7 2-1.1 LDH基本構造及性質 7 2-1.2 LDH製備方法 7 2-2 膠態電解質之染料敏化太陽能電池 17 2-2.1 染料敏化太陽能電池之基本原理 17 2-2.2 膠態電解質特點 18 2-2.3 黏土材料作為添加物於膠態電解質之應用 19 2-2.4 H2O在電解液中的影響 27 2-3 電化學交流阻抗分析(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS) 30 第三章 實驗設備與步驟 33 3-1 研究架構與方法 33 3-2 實驗藥品 34 3-3 儀器設備 36 3-4 儀器分析 37 3-5 光電極之製備 40 3-5.1 導電玻璃之清洗 40 3-5.2 網印漿料及光電極薄膜製備 40 3-6 ZnAl-LDH製備方式 42 3-6.1 ZnAl-LDH_I製備 42 3-7 電解質之製備與性質測量 43 3-7.1 液態電解液之製備 43 3-7.2 膠態電解質之製備 43 3-7.3 循環伏安法(cyclic voltammogram, CV)分析 43 3-8 電池元件組裝 46 3-9 太陽能電池光化學測量 46 3-9.1 光電流-電壓特徵曲線 46 3-9.2 Transmission line model交流阻抗分析 47 第四章 結果與討論 50 4-1 光電極薄膜之表面分析 50 4-2 ZnAl-LDH特性分析 52 4-2.1 浸泡電解質前之ZnAl-LDH特性分析 52 4-2.2 浸泡電解質後之ZnAl-LDH特性分析 56 4-3 電解質擴散係數分析 60 4-4 染料敏化太陽能電池量測分析 63 4-4.1 電解質添加ZnAl-CO3之光電轉換效率分析 63 4-4.2 電解質添加ZnAl-Cl之光電轉換效率分析 67 4-5 Transmission line model動態交流阻抗分析 70 4-5.1 傳輸阻抗(transport resistance)分析 72 4-5.2 再結合阻抗(recombination resistance)分析 74 4-5.3 傳輸阻抗與再結合阻抗綜合分析 75 4-5.4 化學電容(chemical capacitance)分析 77 4-5.5 電子壽命(electron life time)分析 79 4-6 Cyclic voltammetry對氧化還原位置分析 81 4-7 電池長效分析 83 第五章 結論 88 第六章 參考文獻 91

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