繼黑人與女人的道德權利獲得認可之後,動物道德議題成為當代應用倫理學中,最受矚目的一個新議題。但動物與人類的相似性,畢竟遠不如黑人或女人與白種男人之間的相似,而道德主體對於動物的關懷之心也往往因人而異。動物權議題真的可以和女權議題相提並論嗎?動物是否真有「道德權利」?
傳統的效益主義和義務論也許可以規範人類之間彼此的道德權利義務,但當我們想要談論動物,這兩個理論卻都因為過於簡單而無法提供完善的行為指引。而Warren的多重判準道德地位理論,因為以七條原則規範具有道德地位之存有物與各種道德地位之間的高低順序,因此可以涵蓋人類應該如何對待所有自身以外的存有物的行為指引。
但Warren的理論雖然擁有極強的實用性,卻缺乏一股貫串理論的中心力量,因此我將人中心思想放進Warren的道德原則,提出「人中心主義多重判準道德理論」,希望能使這個理論不但具有Warren的實用性優點,還能具有一致的中心思想。
在文章的最後,我選擇以「素食議題」測試人中心主義道德理論的實用性,並且得出我們應該「如何選擇飲食(肉食或素食)」的實際指引。
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