藉著工程技術大量的應用於外科手術、診斷及調配藥物，生物醫學工程填補了工程科技與常規醫學間的鴻溝。目前醫學治療的成效在於迅速準確地偵測疾病，這不僅只是依據疾病症狀或流行病學的調查，同時也須經由進行許多有系統的體外、生物體外及體內的研究方法。納米科技的發展正是為了當前所遇到的研究瓶頸來提供解決方案，其中包括成像劑、螢光感應器、可用於體內之生物相容性裝置等等。為了推動合成奈米材料於現實生活中的應用，並且專注疾病監測及緩解症狀，目前正廣泛對這些奈米材料的應用能力進行研究。
以胎牛血清蛋白質包覆的奈米金屬團簇物已被廣泛用於顯像劑以及螢光感應器，與有機層包覆的奈米金粒子比較，蛋白質複雜的3D結構，可以讓金奈米粒子承受更寬的pH值變化。藉由濃度依賴螢光消光的特性，我們利用胎牛血清蛋白質包覆的奈米金粒子(BSA-AuNC)可以成功檢測藥物利福平的濃度範圍為0.5-823微克/毫升。 若將 BSA-AuNC固定在蠟紙平台上，可用於平時監控尿液中的利福平 的含量。蠟紙平台測 定法可以進一步藉由修飾BSA-AuNC上的BSA來檢測其它特有的待測物並為監測其疾 病提供有用的工具。
經由疾病監測技術的角度，我們希望進一步開發適合於體內植入的材料。由於神經功能失調，導致其影響並衰弱全球約6％總體人群的正常腦部功能。開發可體內植入的腦電極器是非常重要的，但是需要綜合研究其在大腦各個區域經由刺激所造成的影響。因此開發具有高靈敏度，低阻抗，特定電荷注入能力和長期穩定性的神經介面是必要的，基於此，我們已經利用甲苯磺酸鹽摻雜的聚二氧乙基噻吩(PEDOT)材料成功培養新生大鼠或小鼠腦中初代海馬迴神經細胞。雖然沒有進行直接電刺激的研究，但是PEDOT：甲苯磺酸鹽在神經細胞的存活率高於其他PEDOT複合材料的優點，證明了這種材料可以為開發神經假體和植入式裝置提供一種選擇，並可應用於體內疾病模型之研究。

Biomedical engineering has bridged the gap between technology and conventional medicine by application of engineering skills in surgical, diagnostic and concoction based medicine. The effectiveness of medical treatment at present lies in the rapid and accurate detection of a disease; not only by its symptoms or epidemiology but by many systematic approaches in vitro, ex-vivo and even in-vivo. Nanotechnology is providing solutions to the current bottlenecks in research applications in the field of imaging agents, fluorescence sensors, biocompatible devices for in vivo applications, etc. In order to push the as synthesized nanomaterials for real life applications focusing on applications based on disease monitoring and alleviation of symptoms, a broad study was conducted to study their competence.
BSA-stabilized metal nanoclusters have been widely used as imaging agents as well as fluorescence sensors. Generally, the complex 3D structures of protein template are known to withstand a wider range of pH changes compared to organic-monolayer-protected Au NCs. The concentration dependent fluorescence quenching of BSA-Au NCs in the presence of rifampicin allows for the sensitive detection of rifampicin in a range from 0.5-823 µg/mL. The BSA-Au NCs were immobilized on a wax-printed paper-based platform and used to conduct real-time monitoring of rifampicin in urine. The paper-based assay can be further used for the detection of other specific analytes via surface modification of the BSA in BSA-Au NCs and offers a useful tool for monitoring other diseases.
Moving on from disease monitoring techniques, we hoped to further develop material suitable for in vivo implantations. As neurological disorders affect and debilitate the normal brain function in about 6% of the total population globally. The possibilities for brain electrodes implants are endless but would need comprehensive study upon the effects of stimulation in various regions of the brain, requiring development of neural interfaces capable of high recording sensitivity, low impedance, specific charge injection capacity and long-term stability. So, in another study, tosylate doped PEDOT materials have been utilized to grow primary cultured hippocampal neurons directly from neonatal rat/mice brain, obtained via newborn litters of C57BL/6 mice and SD rats maintained in our lab. Though direct electro-stimulation studies were not performed, the advantages PEDOT: tosylate possess over other PEDOT composites proves this material could provide an option for developing neural prosthetics and implantable devices for in vivo disease model studies.

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