近年來全球氣候極端異常，也使氣候變遷一躍成為各國最為注重的環境議題。自1992年5月在聯合國總部通過的《聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約》，替全球打下了對抗氣候變遷的基礎，緊接著便是1997年12月在日本京都府的國立京都國際會館所制定的《聯合國氣候變化綱要公約的京都議定書》，其目標是「力邀全球共同管制溫室氣體減量問題，並且訂定減量時程與目標。工業國家需按規定期程減少溫室氣體排放且提供資金及技術協助開發中國家，也可進行碳排交易，藉由財政因素來誘導各國完成碳減行動」，隨著京都議定書正式於2005年生效，所有議定書締約國，包含歐盟及其會員國，在法律規範下，同意其規範減少溫室氣體排放的標準。而《巴黎氣候協議》則是於2015年12月12日在聯合國氣候峰會中通過的重大協議；用以取代就有的氣候協議-京都議定書，期望能透過全球的共同努力將全球升溫控制在2°C以內以遏阻全球暖化趨勢。綜合自19世紀末開始國際間的戮力減碳作為，不難看出氣候變遷已經對地球造成無法預期的重大環境傷害。
本文首先闡述巴黎氣候協議其規範內容與發展成果及世界各國因溫室效應所帶來之天然災害，藉以來探討全球暖化對地球所造成的不可逆傷害。接續討論美國及中國目前針對碳排放等環境污染所制定之政策與實際執行狀況，及其所發揮之成效。並自我檢視目前本國各項環保相關政策與執行情形。最後經由上述討論內容歸納出對未來碳減政策的個人構想與建議。

The changing climate has become a heated issue with the abnormal occurrence of climate these recent years. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Framework Convention), adopted by the United Nations (UN) in May 1992, has established a solid groundwork for discussing the climate-change issues all over the world. Kyoto Protocol as a guided implementation of the Framework Convention has been signed in December 1997. The Kyoto Protocol aims to globally regulate the reduction of greenhouse gas and issue corresponding agenda and objective for the reduction. Developed country parties of the Kyoto Protocol should follow the reduction agenda and provide financial and technological support to developing countries. These developed countries may also choose carbon emission trade to achieve the goal of the carbon emission reduction. The Kyoto Protocol has been in force in 2005. All the parties of the Kyoto Protocol, including the EU and its member states, agree that they may reduce the carbon emission and regulate the standards for reducing greenhouse gas emissions under their own legal framework. Further, the Paris Climate Agreement as a major agreement of the United Nations Climate Summit has been adopted on December 12, 2015. The Paris Climate Agreement has replaced the formal climate agreement - the Kyoto Protocol. It is hoped that the parties of the Paris Climate Agreement may control global warming within 2°C to curb the global warming trend through global efforts. By summarizing the international efforts to reduce the carbon impacts, it can be obviously seen that the climate change issue has caused unpredictable environmental damage to the earth.
This study initially presents the regulatory content and effect of the Paris Climate Agreement. Following that, the paper illustrates the impact and reason of the unilateral withdrawal agreement of US. The paper also scrutinized the natural disasters caused by the worldwide greenhouse effect as well as the irreversible damage caused by the global warming to the earth. Moreover, the study examines current policies and implementation for regulating the environmental pollution in Taiwan and China as well as their effectiveness. In summary, the paper may provide the regulative conception and framework for the carbon reduction policy in future.

中文期刊：

許晃雄，周佳，吳宜昭，盧孟明，陳正達，陳永明，台灣氣候變遷的關鍵議題，2012，「台灣氣候變遷的關鍵議題」, 台灣醫學, 16(5) :459 – 470。

政策法規：

聯合國, 1992, 《聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約》(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)

聯合國, 1997,《聯合國氣候變化綱要公約的京都議定書》（Kyoto Protocol）

聯合國, 2015,《巴黎協議》Paris Agreement

行政院環境保護署各項條文引用

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