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研究生: 宋仁翔
Sung, Ren-Shiang
論文名稱: Validation of Very Low Luminosity Objects in Taurus
在Taurus分子雲中尋找極低光度原恆星
指導教授: 賴詩萍
Lai, Shih-Ping
口試委員: 賴詩萍
江瑛貴
管一政
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 天文研究所
Institute of Astronomy
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 39
中文關鍵詞: 恆星形成
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  • In order to understand more details about the early stage of star formation, it is necessarily to study the very Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs), whose intrinsic luminosities are below 0.1 Lsun, are thought as the youngest, very low mass YSOs, or proto-brown dwarfs. Taurus is one of the closest molecular clouds, and hence identifying VeLLOs in the Taurus molecular cloud can provide us a list of source for follow-up high resolution studies. In order to find VeLLOs in Taurus, we applied the selection criteria from Dunham et al. (2008) who identify 15 VeLLO candidates in the c2d surveyed nearby molecular clouds and cores. We further included bolometric temperature and extinction value as additional criteria to make up the lack of submm/mm data for our VeLLO candidates. As a result, 11 VeLLO candidates were selected from roughly 270,000 sources in Taurus Spitzer catalogue. Furthermore, we observed 13CO (J=2-1), C18O (J=1-0), N2D+ (J=3-2), and N2H+ (J=1-0) with Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) to confirm our VeLLO candidates. The observation results show 4 sources have N2H+ detection, but all candidates have no N2D+ detection. There are 10 sources with either 13CO (J=2-1) or C18O (J=1-0) detections. We found one source without any molecular line detection has been previously confirmed as a galaxy from X-ray detection. We compared the SED between VeLLO candidates and Class 0/I sources, and concluded that the 160μm data is crucial for distinguishing the difference between YSOs and galaxy contaminations. Therefore, we propose to include an additional criterion for VeLLO selection: “rising (or flat) of SED between 70 and 160μm, unless confused or not observed at 160μm”. With this new criterion, two possible galaxies will be excluded from our sample. The remaining eight candidates have higher probability to be true VeLLOs because of their molecular line detections. Since our results show no N2D+ detection from all candidates, these eight candidates are more likely to be very low-mass protostars than very young YSOs. Finally, according to the N2H+ results and the SED shapes, we classified our 11 infrared selected VeLLO candidates into four types: two in late Class 0 stage, two in early Class I stage, four in Class I stage, and three galaxy contaminations.


    1.Introduction 2.Observations 2.1 Spitzer data 2.2 Submillimeter Telescope 2.3 ARO 12 Meter Telescope 2.4 AKARI data 3. Identification of VeLLO candidates 4. Results and Analysis 4.1.1 N2H+ and N2D+ emission 4.1.2 13CO and C18O emissions 4.1.3 Observation summary 4.2 Column density 4.3 N2D+/N2H+ Column density ratio vs.dust temperature 4.4 Galaxy contaminations 4.5 Sources Classification 4.6 Known VeLLOs 5.Conclusion

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