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研究生： 莊維裕
Chuang, Wei-Yu
論文名稱： 廢聚乳酸塑膠的解聚作為循環經濟可行性示例
Depolymerization of Waste PLA Plastic as Feasibility Demonstration of Circular Economy
指導教授： 凌永健
Ling, Yong-Chien
口試委員: 饒達仁
Yao, Da-Jeng
杜敬民
Du, Jing-Min
張家耀
Chang, Jia-Yaw
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 100
中文關鍵詞： 聚乳酸塑膠 、解聚 、水解 、水凝膠 、循環經濟
外文關鍵詞： Polylactic acid plastic, Depolymerization, Hydrolysis, Hydrogel, Circular economy
相關次數： 點閱：2  下載：0 
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    • 　　聚乳酸是一種用途廣泛、生物可降解的脂肪族聚酯。雖然被稱作生物可降解塑膠，但其透過生物進行堆肥降解的條件過於嚴苛，且目前大多透過焚燒進行處理；因此本研究以循環經濟的思維，將廢聚乳酸塑膠進行水解並回收乳酸，而後製成具有能提高海水蒸散效率的高價值水凝膠。
    　　本研究的第一部分，透過低成本的氫氧化鈉作為催化劑，將廢聚乳酸塑膠水解。同時使用田口實驗設計法，優化反應時間、反應溫度、氫氧化鈉濃度及氫氧化鈉溶液/聚乳酸塑膠體積重量比等反應條件，優化後的聚乳酸塑膠降解率可達98.4%。第二部分則利用液-液萃取回收乳酸，再將其與殼聚醣合成為殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸，接著透過活性碳的摻雜與戊二醛交聯形成殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸－活性碳水凝膠。
    　　第三部分則利用合成的殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸－活性碳水凝膠進行海水淡化，其蒸散效率為一般海水的1.6倍，分析收集得到的淡水導電度及鈉、鉀、鈣、鎂……等離子濃度，皆小於海水及自來水，因此可作為民生用水。

    Polylactic acid (PLA) plastics are widely used, biodegradable aliphatic polyester. Although they are called biodegradable plastics, the condition for composting are too harsh, and most of them are treated by incineration currently. Therefore, in this study, hydrolyzing the PLA plastics waste and recycling the lactic acid followed by synthesizing the high value hydrogel which can improve water evaporation rate are guided by circular economy.
    First, PLA plastics waste are hydrolyzed by low-cost sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Taguchi method is used to optimize the reaction time, temperature, concentration of sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide solution volume/PLA weight ratio. The degradation rate can reach 98.4% by optimized condition. Second, lactic acid is recycled by liquid-liquid extraction, and it’s used to synthesize the chitosan-lactic acid oligomer (CS-LAO) with chitosan, followed by mixing with active charcoal and crosslinking with glutaraldehyde to form the chitosan-lactic acid oligomer-active charcoal (CS-LAO-AC).
    Third, the as-prepared CS-LAO-AC is used to desalinate seawater. The evaporation rate of seawater treated with CS-LAO-AC is 1.6 times compared to general sea water. The conductivity and concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ of the desalinated sea water is lower than those of general seawater and tap water. The desalinated water can therefore be used in household.

    第1章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 2 1.3 生物可分解塑膠 3 1.4 聚乳酸 (Polylatic acid) 3 1.5 乳酸 (Lactic acid) 5 1.6 水凝膠 (Hydrogel) 6 1.7 循環經濟 (Circular economy) 7 1.8 海水淡化 8 第2章 文獻回顧 10 2.1 聚乳酸堆肥降解法 10 2.2 聚乳酸機械回收方法 12 2.3 聚乳酸化學回收方法 14 2.3.1 熱裂解法 14 2.3.2 醇解法 15 2.3.3 水解法 16 2.4 田口實驗設計法（Taguchi Method） 17 2.4.1 概論 17 2.4.2 直交表 (Orthogonal Array) 18 2.4.3 訊噪比 (Singal to Noise Ratio) 19 2.4.4 應用 20 2.5 水凝膠 21 2.5.1 簡介 21 2.5.2 合成 21 2.5.3 性質 23 2.5.3.1 pH敏感型 (pH-sensitive) 24 2.5.3.2 溫度敏感型 (Temperature-sensitive) 25 2.5.3.3 電響應型 (Electro-responsive) 27 2.5.3.4 光響應型 (Photo-responsive) 27 2.5.4 應用 28 2.5.4.1 生醫應用 28 2.5.4.2 吸附劑 29 2.5.4.3 其他應用 30 第3章 實驗方法及器材 32 3.1 實驗架構 32 3.2 實驗設備與藥品 34 3.2.1 實驗設備 34 3.2.2 藥品 35 3.3 實驗設備原理 36 3.3.1 微波輔助反應 36 3.3.2 氣相層析質譜儀 37 3.3.3 紅外線吸收光譜儀 39 3.3.4 核磁共振光譜儀 41 3.4 實驗方法與步驟 42 3.4.1 聚乳酸塑膠廢棄物前處理 42 3.4.2 聚乳酸塑膠廢棄物水解條件優化 43 3.4.2.1 田口法水準設置 43 3.4.2.2 田口法條件優化 45 3.4.3 乳酸萃取與鑑定 47 3.4.4 殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸的合成 49 3.4.5 吸光水凝膠的合成 50 3.4.6 殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸摻雜不同物質之蒸散效率比較 51 3.4.7 殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸與活性碳間的摻雜比例優化 52 3.4.8 溫度、濕度及照度對吸光水凝膠蒸散效率的影響 53 3.4.9 吸光水凝膠對於淡水及海水之蒸散效率比較 54 3.4.10 淡化海水之分析 55 第4章 結果與討論 57 4.1 聚乳酸塑膠水解 57 4.1.1 田口實驗設計法優化水解條件 57 4.1.2 聚乳酸塑膠水解產物萃取與分析 65 4.2 殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸－活性碳（吸光水凝膠） 67 4.2.1 殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸之合成 67 4.2.2 殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸之鑑定 68 4.2.3 吸光水凝膠之鑑定 72 4.2.4 殼聚醣－寡聚乳酸不同摻雜物之蒸散效率比較 73 4.2.5 吸光水凝膠加速水分蒸散機制 74 4.2.6 吸光水凝膠活性碳摻雜比例優化 78 4.2.7 溫度、濕度及照度對吸光水凝膠蒸散效率的影響 79 4.2.8 吸光水凝膠對於淡水及海水蒸散效率比較 81 4.2.9 淡化海水之分析 83 第5章 結論與展望 86 參考文獻 88 附錄 99

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