本論文主要是將金奈米粒子視為人造原子堆疊成奈米粒子超晶格並控制其週期常數使其具有可調變之表面電漿光學特性。另外，再控制其整體排列以製作具有高價值之表面電漿光學元件。我們成功地利用粒子及粒子與溶液間的毛細力將具硫醇包覆的金奈米粒子排列成緊密堆積(close packed)的金奈米粒子超晶格。並利用不同鏈長的硫醇分子(C12-C18)控制此超晶格的周期常數。其中，金奈米粒子與粒子間的間距可被精確地調控從3.4 nm 至2.3 nm。此首創的方法驗證了近場光的耦合，而1.1 nm 的改變造成了表面電漿共振從575 nm 至607 nm (32 nm的偏移量)。然而，需要大範圍控制金奈米粒子實屬不易，因此，在過去幾年內我們開發了幾種圖形化控制奈米粒子的方法其中:
電化學轉換壓印法(Microcontact electrochemical conversion)之技術。其在兩板間施以一偏壓時，可將母板的圖形透過電化學氧化轉移至具有分子膜之另一基板上。我們利用此方法，可不需要利用任何光阻製作小至300 nm 的圖形，具有超高解析度，且圖形範圍可達數百微米。之後，再利用靜電力吸附將金膠體粒子吸附在圖形化的分子膜基板上(分子膜與奈米粒子均帶電性)而形成圖形化的奈米粒子排列。另一種方式是利用vacuum ultraviolent (VUV) 微影也可製作出不同親疏水性的分子膜圖案。再藉由毛細力作用也可以圖形化地控制氧化矽球規則排列在基板上。
另外在分子膜與金膠體粒子的物性研究上，我們使用APTMS 分子膜其末端官能機為NH3+並利用掃描電位顯微鏡量得其表面電位~130 mV 為具正電性。另一方面利用光電子能譜量測金奈米粒子也證實奈米粒子帶負電性。

In this dissertation, we regard the gold nanoparticles as “artificial atoms＂to arrange the gold nanoparticle superlattices and tune the lattice constants for
polasmonic properties. Therefore, via capillary force, we can use the thiolated gold nanoparticles to form the close packed gold nanoparticle superlattices. Moreover, via
the different chain lengths of alkanethiols (C12-C18), the lattice constants can be controlled. Among different gold nanoparticle superlattices, the interparticle gaps are
precisely controlled form 3.4 nm to 2.3 nm. The 1.1 nm variation results in the shift of the surface plasmon resonance from 575 nm to 607 nm (with 32 nm red shift) and
experimentally confirms the near filed coupling effect. However, it is difficult to massively control gold nanoparticles, thus, in the past few years, we have developed several kinds of approaches for patterned controlling nanoparticles:
One of them is Microcontact Electrochemical Conversion approach. Applied bias between stamp and sample and via electrochemical conversion, the pattern of stamp can transfer to the sample, which was preassembled on self-assembled monolayers. This approach provides a high resolution patterns ~300 nm and functional range can
exceed to hundreds of micrometers. Afterward, via electrostatic force, colloidal gold nanoparticles can absorb on the patterned SAMs to form patterned nanoparticle
configuration. The other approach takes advantage of vacuum ultraviolent lithography to fabricate hdrophilic/hydrophobic SAM patterns. Via capillary force, the silica microspheres can patternedly arranged on substrate with close packed configuration.
In addition, we also study physical characteristics of gold colloid and SAMs, especially for APTMS. With terminated group of NH3+, APTMS monolayer is investigated by Kevin force microscopy with a surface potential ~130 eV of positive charges. On the other hand, the colloidal gold nanoparticles are confirmed with negative charges by photoelectron spectrum measurement.

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