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研究生： 黃博揚
Huang, Po-Yang
論文名稱： 高頻電燒刀電源系統研製
Design and Implementation of Electrosurgical Generators
指導教授： 吳財福
Wu, Tsai-Fu
口試委員: 陳科宏
Chen, Ko-Hung
羅有綱
Lo, Yu-Kang
謝耀慶
Hsieh, Yao-Ching
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 95
中文關鍵詞： 高頻電燒刀 、定功率輸出 、諧振換流器 、零電壓切換
外文關鍵詞： Electrosurgical generator, Resonant inverter, Zero voltage switching (ZVS), Constant power regulation
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    • 本研究研製一部高頻電燒刀電源系統，具備五種模式，分別為單極切割、單極凝結、雙極切割、雙極凝結及結紮模式。不同模式可產生出不同的電壓、功率及波形，以使用在不同的開刀位置與組織。
    本研究著重於實現五種不同模式之電源設計，所使用的電路架構為全橋諧振換流器，其操做頻率為400 kHz，藉由諧振特性使開關達到軟切換，降低切換損失。另外，在全橋諧振電路的前級製作一個降壓型的直流/直流轉換器，來調整直流電壓，達到可以調整輸出功率的大小。為了減少功率開關的數量，在架構上利用繼電器將全橋功率開關與不同模式的電路隔開，以達到分時共用的效果。本研究採用數位控制，可提升系統自由度與可靠度，並利用類比/數位轉換的機制，回授功率級的電壓與電流，再以相位偏移來達到定功率輸出的控制。此外，藉由微控制器做軟體保護或利用電路達到硬體保護，當系統於運作中發生異常時，可即時保護系統，使電路系統免於毀損。
    本論文之主要貢獻為: 實作一輸入110 V/60 Hz，透過外部開關的切換，可切換5種模式，最高達300 W之電燒刀電源系統。將此電路實際操作在雞肉與豬肉的組織上，切換各種模式，可達到預想之切割與凝結效果，間接地說明了本研究的可行性與價值。

    This research is to design and implement Electrosurgical Generators (ESG) which can be divided into five modes: mono-polar cut, mono-polar coagulation, bi-polar cut, bi-polar coagulation and ligation. Different modes use different voltages, power ratings and waveforms to deal with multiple kinds of surgical operating targets and tissues.
    Using a full-bridge resonant inverter functions as the proposed system power stage, of which the operating frequency is 400 kHz and it is operated above resonance to achieve soft switching, reducing switching losses. Moreover, in front of the full bridge switches and resonant tank, a buck converter is designed to adjust output power levels. To reduce the number of full-bridge switches, relays are used to separate the full-bridge switches from mode to mode, achieving full-bridge switch sharing. This study uses direct digital control to improve system flexibility and reliability. It feeds back voltage and current signals to achieve constant output power regulation with a phase-shift control. For safety consideration, a microcontroller is programmed to achieve software protection, and circuits are used for hardware protection. When something goes wrong during operation, the protecting functions can respond immediately to avoid any damage to the system.
    The main contribution of this research is in implementing an ESU with 110 V/60 Hz input voltage, maximum 300 W output power, and 5 operation modes. Furthermore, we test the system on chicken and pork as equivalent loads to the experiment under different operation modes, which indirectly proves the feasibility of the designed system.

    摘要 Abstract 誌謝 總目錄 圖目錄 表目錄 第一章 緒論-----------------1 1.1 研究背景與動機-----------------1 1.2 文獻回顧-----------------1 1.2.1 電燒刀-----------------1 1.2.2 人體組織之等效負載-----------------6 1.2.3 電燒刀與傳統手術刀比較-----------------9 1.3 論文架構-----------------11 第二章 電燒刀電源系統架構與設計-----------------12 2.1 直流/直流轉換器-----------------14 2.1.1 電路架構-----------------14 2.1.2 動作原理-----------------15 2.2 單極切割電源轉換器-----------------17 2.2.1 等效負載範圍-----------------17 2.2.2 諧振槽設計-----------------18 2.2.3 模擬波形-----------------21 2.3 單極凝結電源轉換器-----------------22 2.3.1 等效負載範圍-----------------22 2.3.2 諧振槽設計-----------------23 2.3.3 模擬波形-----------------24 2.4 雙極切割、雙極凝結及結紮電源轉換器-----------------25 2.4.1等效負載範圍-----------------26 2.4.2 諧振槽設計-----------------26 2.4.3 模擬波形-----------------29 第三章 硬體周邊電路設計-----------------31 3.1 輔助電源-----------------31 3.2 電壓箝位保護電路-----------------33 3.3 直流電壓偵測與保護電路-----------------33 3.4 電感電流保護電路-----------------36 3.5 峰值偵測電路-----------------36 3.6 諧振電壓偵測與保護電路-----------------37 3.7 諧振電流偵測與保護電路-----------------38 3.8 過壓/過流硬體保護電路-----------------39 3.9 開關隔離驅動電路-----------------40 第四章 韌體規劃與控制流程-----------------43 4.1 系統韌體規劃-----------------43 4.2 微控制器 RX62T 介紹-----------------43 4.3 主程式流程規劃-----------------46 4.4 副程式流程規劃-----------------47 4.4.1 類比/數位轉換中斷副程式-----------------48 4.4.2 雙極凝結之脈衝波形密度調變中斷副程式-----------------48 4.4.3 判斷狀態中斷副程式-----------------49 第五章 電路製作與實測驗證-----------------56 5.1 電氣規格與功率開關元件選擇-----------------56 5.2 實務考量-----------------61 5.2.1.微控制器RX62T的限制-----------------61 5.2.2.回授雜訊問題-----------------61 5.3實測驗證-----------------62 5.3.1單極切割實測波形-----------------62 5.3.2單極凝結實測波形-----------------69 5.3.3雙極切割與結紮實測波形-----------------73 5.3.4 雙極凝結實測波形-----------------79 5.4 損耗分析-----------------84 5.5 實體電路與功能實測-----------------86 第六章 結論與未來展望-----------------91 6.1 結論-----------------91 6.2 未來研究方向-----------------92 參考文獻-----------------93

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