染料敏化太陽能電池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, DSSC)因其成本低廉及製作簡單等優點而被廣泛地研究。使用銅錯合物氧化還原對之DSSC可以減少染料再生過程中的能量損失，進而提升開路電壓(open circuit voltage, VOC)與轉換效率(power conversion efficiency, PCE)。本研究基於已發表之LC4染料，探討了結合不同拉電子基團的新型蒽基有機染料(DA0~DA7)，將其應用於[bis-(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2copper]2+/+ ([Cu(dmp)2]2+/+)以及[bis-(4,4’-dimethoxy-6,6’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine)2copper]2+/+ ([Cu(dmodmbp)2]2+/+)氧化還原對中，並對DSSC元件製作條件進行了優化的探討。
與原始染料LC4相比，染料DA1增加了 quinoxaline (Qu)，將吸收光譜紅移；染料DA7增加了indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT) ，將莫耳消光係數提高；而染料DA2增加了benzothiadiazole (BDZ)，具有前兩種染料之優點，但不像它們一樣那麼明顯。然而，實際發現DA7製成元件後的電子擴散距離與TiO2薄膜厚度之比值(diffusion length, Ln/L)在中偏壓區間中小於3，光電子無法有效地傳輸至外部電路，導致短路電流密度(short circuit current density, JSC)非常低 ，進而影響PCE。此外，也根據上述三者染料製成元件後進行電化學阻抗分析，DA1與DA7之電子在TiO2薄膜中傳輸阻抗(Rt)相較於DA2高出許多，導致它們的JSC非常低。經由一系列的優化實驗步驟條件，基於DA2之DSSC從原本的 PCE為8.03 % (JSC＝10.19 mA∙cm-2，VOC＝1.14 V，FF＝0.69)，提升到PCE 為9.66 % (JSC＝11.12 mA∙cm-2，VOC＝1.12 V，FF＝0.77)。
後續更將DA2之DSSC搭配新式[Cu(dmodmbp)2]2+/+氧化還原對進一步提高其光伏性能，PCE進一步提高至10.24 % (JSC＝12.10 mA∙cm-2，VOC＝1.11 V，FF＝0.77)。同時該系統也有出色的穩定性表現，在實際應用中具有相當大的潛力。

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been widely studied due to their advantages such as low cost and simple fabrication. Copper complex redox shuttles are introduced in DSSC to reduce the potential losses in dye regeneration process, yielding high open-circuit voltage (VOC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Based on the published LC4 dye, in this report, the novel anthracene-based organic dyes (DA0~DA7) incorporating of different electron-withdrawing groups are discussed and applied to [bis-(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)2copper]2+/+ ([Cu(dmp)2]2+/+) and [bis-(4,4’-dimethoxy-6,6’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine)2copper]2+/+ ([Cu(dmodmbp)2]2+/+) redox systems. Moreover, we also discuss the optimization of the fabrication conditions of DSSC devices.
Compared to their parent dye LC4, dye DA1 has additional quinoxaline (Qu) to shift absorption spectra to longer wavelength, dye DA7 has additional indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT) to improve molar extinction coefficient, and dye DA2 has additional benzothiadiazole (BDZ), having the advantages mentioned by the previous two dyes, but not as obvious as them. However, for DA7-based DSSC, it is found that the ratio of the diffusion distance to the thickness of TiO2 film (diffusion length, Ln/L) is less than 3 in the medium potential range, photoelectrons can't transport to the external circuits effectively. This fact results in a very low short-circuit current density (JSC), which in turn affects the PCE. In addition, the electrochemical impedance analysis is also carried out according to the above three dyes-based DSSCs. The impedance value of electrons transport in a TiO2 film (Rt) of DA1 and DA7 is much higher than that of DA2, resulting their poor performance on JSC. After a series of optimized experimental steps and conditions, DA2-based DSSC from original PCE of 8.03 % (JSC＝10.19 mA∙cm-2, VOC＝1.14 V and FF＝0.69) to PCE of 9.66 % (JSC＝11.12 mA∙cm-2, VOC＝1.12 V and FF＝0.77).
The photovoltaic performance of DA2-based DSSC is further improved by combining [Cu(dmodmbp)2]2+/+ redox couple with PCE of 10.26 % (JSC＝12.10 mA∙cm-2, VOC＝1.11 V and FF＝0.77). Meanwhile, the stability of this system shows exceptional performance, which has great potential in practical application.

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