在有機太陽電池上藉由偏極化的自組裝單薄膜層來修正功函數

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研究生：	曾中廷 Chung-Ting Tseng
論文名稱：	在有機太陽電池上藉由偏極化的自組裝單薄膜層來修正功函數 Study of Work Function Modification by Polarized SAM on Organic Solar Cell
指導教授：	李明昌 Ming-Chang Lee
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 光電工程研究所 Institute of Photonics Technologies
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	104
中文關鍵詞：	太陽能電池、有機、自組裝、金、硫醇化合物
外文關鍵詞：	Organic solar cell, self-assembly monolayer, alkanethiols, SAM, Au
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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藉由自組裝性單薄膜層 (SAM，self-assembly monolayer)來調變Pentacene與Au電極之間的功函數差，可以有效改善有機太陽能電池電洞或電子的注入或傳輸。在自組裝材料的選擇上，使用正反兩極性的自組裝材料，其對應到的官能基分別為氟基 (fluorine)與甲基 (methyl)。 SAM對於有機光電元件是一層絕緣層，考量到自組裝材料的厚度會影響元件的串聯電阻，因此我們探討改變極性材料的鏈長對有機太陽電池的影響。另外，我們選用Au作為半穿透式電極基板，在蒸鍍10nm以後所量測到的電阻與穿透率分別為5Ω/cm及74% (wavelength at 562nm)，其優點除了良導性之外也容易找到適合的硫醇化合物 (alkanethiols)作為自組裝性的材料。最後，我們針對鏈長、正反極性及金薄膜與ITO薄膜等等不同的基板製作有機太陽電池並比較其電壓電流特性。

Using SAM (self-assembly monolayer) to modify the work function of anode in organic solar cells was studied in this research. The SAM material, terminated with fluorine or methyl group, corresponds to the forward or backward dipole. We investigated the influence of SAM length on the I-V characteristics of devices, considering SAM an insulator. Besides, Au was chosen to be the semi-transparent anode because of its good conductivity and easy attachment to alkanethiols, which is the other termination of the SAM. The optimal thickness was calibrated to have contact resistance of 5Ω/cm and optical transmittance of 74%. Finally, we fabricated devices with different SAMs substrates (Au and ITO) and compared the performance.

第一章    緒論
1-1    前言................................................................................................................1
1-2    研究動機與目的............................................................................................4
第二章    理論背景
2-1 有機半導體原理............................................................................................6
    2-1.1共軛分子與分子軌域..........................................................................6
    2-1.2 能帶與電子結構.................................................................................9
    2-1.3 有機材料特性....................................................................................12
2-2    太陽電池原理..............................................................................................17
    2-2.1 太陽輻射............................................................................................17
    2-2.2 太陽電池的電路特性與基本參數....................................................19
    2-2.3 有機太陽電池原理與結構................................................................23
2-3    半穿透式電極..............................................................................................26
2-4    自組裝單薄膜層..........................................................................................29
    2-4.1 自組裝層的原理................................................................................29
    2-4.2 自組裝層的製程方式........................................................................32
2-5    空間電荷限制電流......................................................................................33
2-6 蒸鍍原理與量測...........................................................................................36
    2-6.1 熱蒸鍍原理........................................................................................36
    2-6.2 薄膜表面量測....................................................................................37
    2-6.3 光學性質量測....................................................................................39
    2-6.4 薄膜晶相量測....................................................................................39
    2-6.5 電性量測............................................................................................40
    2-6.6 功函數量測........................................................................................42
第三章    實驗設計與步驟
3-1 有機太陽電池材料特性...............................................................................43
    3-1.1 Pentacene之材料特性........................................................................43
    3-1.2 C60之材料特性...................................................................................46
    3-1.3 BCP之材料特性.................................................................................47
3-2    SAM材料特性.............................................................................................49
    3.2-1 介面正向電場材料特性....................................................................49
    3.2-2 介面反向電場材料特性....................................................................51
    3.2-3 長鏈短鏈材料特性............................................................................52
3-3 有機太陽電池製作流程...............................................................................54
    3-3.1 玻璃基板之清洗................................................................................54
    3-3.2 蒸鍍金以及圖形定義........................................................................54
    3-3.3 基板的SAM處理..............................................................................58
    3-3.4 電池元件的成長................................................................................59
第四章    結果與討論
4-1    Au薄膜分析.................................................................................................62
4-1.1    Au製程分析.....................................................................................62
4-1.2    Au-SAM 功函數分析.....................................................................66
4-2    Pentacene薄膜分析.....................................................................................68
4-2.1    Pentacene AFM分析........................................................................68
4-2.2    Pentacene SEM分析........................................................................74
4-2.3    Pentacene XRD分析........................................................................79
4-3    Pentacene的SCLC特性..............................................................................81
4-4    元件的電流電壓特性..................................................................................84
4-4.1    Au與ITO元件效率的比較............................................................84
4-4.2    界面電場對單層元件效率的影響..................................................88
4-4.3    SAM鏈長對單層元件效率的影響.................................................93
4-4.4    Pentacene微米缺陷對於單層元件的影響.....................................96
4-4.5    SAM在OSC以及OLED上的應用..............................................98
結論 ..........................................................................................................................103

                                

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