家燕（Hirundo rustica）是台灣常見的夏候鳥，繁殖於台灣東北部至西部沿海地區。埔里位於台灣地理中心，每年春季均有家燕大量群聚，成為本地的重要生態資源。
本研究以家燕的cytochrome b及control region為遺傳標記，分析台灣地區包括埔里非繁殖族群及宜蘭、台北、新竹、中部及南部等六個地區137個樣本，定序得到cytochrome b 906bp及control region 572bp，分別為41及12個單倍型，以合併序列的結果，家燕具有高的Hd及低的π，顯示其演化的歷史曾遭遇瓶頸效應，再由小族群快速的擴張所致。
各族群之間的基因分化指數(FST)低，基因流指數(Nm)高，顯示各族群之間分化不明顯且基因交流相當頻繁。比較族群間地理距離與FST的相關發現距離隔離效應對家燕族群影響並不明顯，原因可能是各族群間的地理距離太短。
由親緣關係最短距離網狀圖(MSN)推斷家燕在台灣繁殖族群分別源自北部及中部地區2至3個單倍型，埔里過境群則包含2個與北部族群共享的古老單倍型，但仍有相當高單倍型特有性(68%)及2~3個未發現的古老單倍型，應是埔里族群與北部族群關係密切，並且有一部分可能為日本繁殖的族群。
此外，本研究亦發現1.)於家燕control region的domain III有mtVNTRs，5’ CAAAAA 3’重覆約27~43次；2.)家燕cytochrome b的變異較control region為大。

The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica ) is a common summer breeder in Taiwan. Early spring in each year, there were about ten thousands of non-breeding individuals colonized in Puli. The relationships between the non-breeding Puli population and summer breeding populations in Taiwan were uncertain. Partial mitochondrial control region sequence (572bp) and cytochrome b sequence (906bp) were analyzed to elucidate their relationships. We had 137 samples from Puli and 5 other breeding populations around Taiwan. Higher haplotype diversity (Hd) and lower nucleotide (π) diversity was observed among these populations. Pairwise FST values and high gene flow revealed very low level of isolation between populations. According to the Mantel test of FST value and logarithmic scales of geographical distance between populations, insignificant negative correlation indicated that isolation by distance model is inconsistent in this study. Special geographical distribution pattern between populations were not detected in the geophylogenetical analysis. Minimum spanning network analysis suggest that the breeding populations in Taiwan are divided into north Taiwan group and central Taiwan group. Most part of Puli non-breeding individuals joined north Taiwan group, some individuals probably migrated to Japan indicated by some recoveries of banded birds in Japan.

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