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研究生: 徐睿彣
Shiu, Ruei-Wen
論文名稱: 含大型風力發電機於電力系統 的小訊號穩定度與頻率控制分析
Small-Signal Stability and Frequency Control Analysis of Power Systems with High-Penetrated Wind Power Systems
指導教授: 朱家齊
Chu, Chia-Chi
口試委員: 吳有基
洪穎怡
劉志文
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 75
中文關鍵詞: 雙饋感應發電機模糊控制同步發電機特徵值即時電力系統模擬器
外文關鍵詞: Doubly-fed induction generator, Fuzzy control, Synchronous generator, eigenvalue, RT-LAB
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  • 能源問題是21世紀最重要的問題之一。風力發電優點為零污染且不會造成環境影響,所以近年來全球風力發電裝設量日漸增加。然而風力發電對於電力系統的影響非常重要,本論文針對風力發電的穩定度的研究。
    電力系統模擬主要為EMTP-RV、PSS/E、DSA、PSCAD/EMTDC和DigSILENT,然而這些軟體的主要缺點為不能連接硬體實現。所以OPAL-RT軟體公司開發出一種的軟體稱為RT-LAB,。RT-LAB軟體可先透過模擬器做真實系統模擬並且透過硬體連接迴路實現模擬結果。本論文利用RT-LAB軟體建立真實系統模擬,並且研究風力發電機與傳統同步發電機對於電力系統的影響。
    本論文將以RT-LAB軟體為基礎,探討風力發電對於電力系統穩定度,其中論文的貢獻主要列出幾點:
    1 傳統同步發電機會因為轉子轉速模式而影響系統穩定,本論文先敘述傳統同步發電機對於電力系統影響,其次推導出感應發電機的係數、並且比較目前雙饋式感應發電機控制模式的優缺點。最後以單機系統和三機系統做為測試系統,計算特徵值和模擬暫態穩定度。
    2 傳統同步發電機對於電力系統發生頻率事故時,其實功率會有明顯影響,但風力發電機的反應卻很慢。為了加強風力發電機組頻率穩定,必須在風力發電機上加入控制迴路。本論文工作首先推導頻率與負載的關係,說明負載確實會與頻率互相影響。並且由三區域系統和三機系統做模擬驗證,其中為了加強頻率穩定,本論文加入模糊控制。其次說明雙饋式感應發電機的頻率控制策略,並以三機系統做模擬驗證。


    Energy problems are one of the most important issues in 21st century. The advantages of wind power generation is zero-pollution and not cause environmental impacts, so the global wind power generation of capacity is increasing in recent years. However, the impacts of wind power on the power systems is very important, the wind power stability is discussed in the thesis.
    The major of power simulators are EMTP-RV、PSS/E、DSA、PSCAD/EMTDC and DigSILENT, however the major drawback of these simulators is that it can realize by connecting hardware. So the OPAL-RT software corporation develops a software which is called RT-LAB. The RT-LAB software can use software to do real-time simulations and realize the simulation by Hardware-in-Loop. The real-time simulation is built by RT-LAB software, and the impacts of wind power and traditional synchronous generator to power systems is researched.
    The aim of thesis is to develop the RT-LAB software implements of the wind power on the power systems stability .The main contribution of thesis is listed through the following steps:
    1. Because the rotor speed mode of conventional synchronous generator
    affects system stability , the thesis first describes the conventional
    synchronous generator on the power system impacts, and the induction generator coefficients is derived, and the current control of doubly fed induction generator model the strengths and weaknesses is be compared. Finally, one-machine-infinite-bus system and three-machine system are performed by calculating the eigenvalues and simulating transient stability.
    2. Conventional synchronous generator for power system frequency of accidents, the real power will be significantly affected, but the response is very slow wind turbines. In order to enhance the frequency stability of wind turbines, wind turbines must be added on the control loop.The relationship between frequency and load is be derived in the thesis, it indicates that the load will affect the frequency. And simulations of one-machine-infinite-bus system and three-machine system are performed to verify, which in order to enhance frequency stability the thesis add fuzzy control and fuzzy neural control. Secondly, the double-fed induction generator frequency control strategy is described , and three-machine system is performed to do verification.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT III 誌謝 V 目錄 VI 圖目錄 IX 表目錄 XIII 符號說明 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與文獻回顧 1 1.1.1小訊號穩定度方面 1 1.1.2頻率穩定度方面 3 1.2 本論文之貢獻 3 1.3 本論文之架構 4 第二章 發電機理論介紹與探討 5 2.1前言 5 2.2 RT-LAB軟體介紹 5 2.3同步發電機 6 2.3.1同步發電機動態模型 8 2.3.2同步發電機分析 12 2.4 定速型感應發電機 14 2.4.1感應發電機動態模型 14 2.4.2感應發電機分析 19 2.5 雙饋式感應發電機 20 2.5.1雙饋式感應發電機動態模型 21 2.5.2雙饋感應發電機分析 27 2.6 直驅式發電機 29 2.6.1直驅式發電機模型 29 2.6.2 直驅式發電機分析 31 2.7本章小結 33 第三章 風力發電對網路的影響特性 34 3.1前言 34 3.2 三機系統潮流關係 34 3.3感應發電機對網路之影響 36 3.4雙饋式感應發電機對網路的影響 38 3.5模擬驗證 41 3.6模擬結果 42 3.6.1 案例一:發電機2為同步發電機 42 3.6.2案例二:發電機2為感應發電機 44 3.6.3案例三:發電機2為雙饋式感應發電機 46 3.6.4案例四:發電機2為直驅式風力發電機 47 3.7本章小結 49 第四章 發電機調頻控制 50 4.1前言 50 4.2 電力系統自動發電機控制原理 50 4.3 雙饋風力發電機之調頻控制 54 4.4自動發電機控制之模糊控制 56 4.5 案例分析 58 4.5.1 案例一:三區域模擬 58 4.5.2 案例二:三機系統模擬 63 4.5.3 案例三:雙饋式感應發電機頻率控制 68 4.6 本章小結 70 第五章 結論與未來研究方向 71 參考文獻 72

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