研究生: |
林祐菖 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
弔詭論述及其在學校行政上之蘊義 A Discourse of Paradox and Its Meaning in School Administration |
指導教授: | 鄭世仁 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
|
論文出版年: | 2005 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 162 |
中文關鍵詞: | 5151 、弔詭 、論述 、學校行政 、敘事分析 |
外文關鍵詞: | 51, paradox, discourse, school administration, narrative analysis |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
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摘 要
本研究旨以文獻分析法探討弔詭概念的論述基礎,以瞭解弔詭之涵義、思想濫觴、後現代的弔詭現象、弔詭導向及處理通則、學校領導的弔詭及其化解策略。我們發現:弔詭的意義是指一個現象或陳述,表面上看起來是荒謬的、違反常識的,甚至是自相矛盾的,但究其本質卻可能是真實的存在。其思想濫觴在西方可能源自希臘時代的詭辯者,東方則以先秦時代的莊周為嚆矢。而弔詭之所以令人類困惑,主要是許多事物未依照理所當然的方式發生,其在後現代社會呈現九種現象,值得當代人類重視。而弔詭管理的導向可分為非此即彼導向與兩者兼顧導向,穿越的蹊徑則可參考蹺蹺板遊戲的三原則。在學校行政上,校長的領導常遭遇角色期望、表現、問題知覺、驕傲、控制、關切等多面向弔詭,因此校長必須創造平衡與和諧,以管理層出不窮的弔詭現象。
本研究並以敘事分析的方式,論述新竹市一所國民小學學校行政上所產生的弔詭現象。研究者綜合文獻探討及敘事言辭的分析討論,從其中提出個人反思,以呈現弔詭在學校行政上之蘊義。茲歸納研究總結如下:
一、學校是鬆散、混雜的垃圾桶組織,其不確定性促使弔詭現象
普遍存在。
二、弔詭對學校行政對話主體地位的處理,有時會造成類型變遷
之情形。
三、學校行政歷程中常呈現的弔詭是認知與實踐不一致的矛盾對
立。
四、學校行政訊息的明晰性與邏輯結構一致性有助於釐清命題,
減少弔詭的產生。
五、學校行政視野交融的程度愈不足,將會使弔詭傾向非此即彼
的導向。
六、意識型態的宰制容易形成學校行政權威化迷思的弔詭。
七、學校行政常不易察覺知識與權力滲透後的弔詭存在,而忽略
多元中心地位和邊緣利益的均顧。
八、穿越學校行政弔詭的蹊徑可參考西格瑪曲線、甜甜圈原理與
中國式契約。
九、邏輯實證論、詮釋學、批判理論與後現代的論述,亦提供學
校行政詭之化解策略。
總結,提出下列建議:
一、對學校行政人員的建議
(一)學校行政應重視弔詭現象的真實存在,瞭解弔詭並分析
其意義。
(二)學校行政宜瞭解情境脈絡,著重差異的協調,採取適當
的弔詭處理策略。
(三)弔詭既不可避免,應學習與弔詭為伍,擁抱弔詭,反
思行政行為的正當性。
(四)透過弔詭的矛盾對立特質,研究管理策略,開創改善學
校行政弔詭的新智慧。
二、對未來研究的建議
(一)採取多樣面向的研究方法
(二)改變研究對象與研究主題
關鍵字:弔詭、論述、學校行政、敘事分析
A Discourse of Paradox and Its Meaning in School Administration:
Take an Elementary School in Hsinchu City as an Example
Abstract
This study uses documentary analysis method to investigate the discourse basis of paradox concept in order to understand the meaning of paradox, the origin of its thinking, the postmodern paradox phenomenon, the orientation of paradox, how to deal with paradox and the leadership paradox in the school as well as how to get a reconciliation by some device .The main findings of the discourse basis : Paradox means a phenomenon or statement, exteriorly it seems to be ridiculous and violating the common sense, or even is ontradictory, but if we study its nature, we will find it does really exist. The origin of thinking of paradox concept in the western countries might originate from the sophist in ancient Greek era, but in eastern countries originate from Chuang-Chou in the early Chin Dynasty.The reason paradox confuses people is mainly because many things don’t happen in the way they are expected. The paradox has its nine forms in the postmodern society , we should put more attention on them. Paradox
management has different orientations, including the either/or orientation and the both/and orientation. The path to pass through paradoxes can refer to the three principles of seesaw game. The leadership of a principal in the school administration usually has to face multiple-faceted paradoxes such as role expectations, performance, problem perception, pride, control and concern, etc. A principal usually has to embrace paradox and create balance
and harmony in order to manage constantly emerging paradoxes.
Narrative analysis is used to observe the paradox phenomenon generated in the school administration at one elementary school in Hsinchu city.To summarize the literature investigation, the analysis and discussion from narrative, and the personal reflection from it , I present its meaning and its hint in the school administration.Then I induce summary for this study as in the followings:
1. School is a loose and mixed trash can organization, its uncertainty usually helps the popular existence of paradox phenomenon.
2.The processing of school administrative dialogue subjective position by paradox might sometimes create model shift.
3.The usual form of paradox in the school administrative process is the contradictory opposition of inconsistency between recognition and praxis.
4.The clarity and consistency in logical structure of administrative message in the school can help to clarify proposition and reduce the generation of paradox.
5.The insufficiency in the mutually melting level of school administrative fusion of horizons will lead the paradox to the either/or orientation.
6.The control by ideology could easily lead to the paradox of authorized myths in school administration.
7.It is usually difficult for the school administration to be aware of the existence of paradox which has been penetrated by knowledge and power, multiple central position and edge interest are usually difficult to be both
well taken care.
8. The path to pass through paradoxes can refer to:Sigmoid curve, donut principle and Chinese contract, etc.
9.The discourse of logical positivism,hermeneutics,critical theory and postmodernism bring some reconciliation tactics to paradox on school administration.
We have the following suggestions according to the above summary:
1. Suggestion to the school administrative personnel:
(1)School administration should face the real existence of paradox phenomenon, understand paradox and analyze its real meaning.
(2)School administration should understand context , emphasize on the coordination of difference and adopt appropriate paradox handling strategy.
(3)Paradox is unavoidable, we should live together with paradox, embrace it and re-think the correctness of administrative behavior.
(4)Through the contradictory opposition nature of paradox, we can study new management strategy to create new wisdom to improve school administrative paradox.
2. Suggestion to the future study:
(1)Adopt a research method of multiple facets.
(2)Change the research subject and topic.
Key words:paradox;discourse;school administration;narrative analysis.
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