研究生: |
洪嘉穗 Hong,Jia-Sui |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
打造臺灣經驗 : 在臺越人的資本積累歷程與返鄉發展 Building Taiwan experience: The Process of Capital Accumulation and Return Development of Vietnamese in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
陳明祺
Chen, Ming-Chi |
口試委員: |
陳志柔
Chen, Chih-Jou 王宏仁 Wang, Hong-Zen |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
人文社會學院 - 社會學研究所 Institute of Sociology |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 110 |
中文關鍵詞: | 越南 、返鄉遷移 、移工 、留學生 |
外文關鍵詞: | Vietnam, Return migration, Migrant workers, International students |
相關次數: | 點閱:3 下載:0 |
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臺灣與越南的交流連結始於 1980-90 年,以經貿產業往來為出發,爾後也隨 著婚姻移民及海外勞動力的輸入,來自東南亞的移民工族群與臺灣社會近三十年 的互動下,為臺灣社會帶來了不一樣的分展樣貌與多元文化,越南也逐漸成為不 可忽視的研究主題。過往的越南研究大多圍繞在「在臺」的越南社群、網絡與適 應性等面向;或是「在越南」的臺商組織(跨國生產) ,研究未能將遷移時程以及 遷移軌跡延伸至越南,在研究場域與研究主題的侷限性下,容易忽略不同遷移階 段遷移者的動機與行動過程。因此本研究聚焦於「越籍藍領產業移工」與來臺接 受高等教育的「越籍留學生」,研究試圖將延伸至他們「返鄉回流」,了解他們 如何透過海外求學與工作「打造臺灣經驗」,遷移者如何在跨境的文化脈絡中積 累資本,為返鄉做「準備」及進行「資源調動」;返鄉後,遷移者如何將資本進 行兌換,而「臺灣經驗」又如何應用於越南社會。
研究發現,留學生在臺階段以積累人力與文化資本(如:學歷、中文能力、 工作經歷等)為主,並透過在臺實習與工作,了解臺灣的職場文化,藉此建立出 文化親近性。返鄉後主要投入於越南臺資廠或中資廠,或是將臺灣小吃帶回越南, 作為其返鄉創業的發展基礎,而為了更有效地進行資本的轉移與資源調動,在臺 階段所建立的跨臺越社會網絡,扮演了相當重要的角色與資訊來源。而在移工方 面,由於在臺階段主要心力投入於經濟資本的積累,使大部分的移工沒有體力與 時間進行人力資本的積累和學習(如:語言與技術),因而忽略了人力與文化資 本在返鄉發展的重要性,並將「積蓄多寡」視為返鄉回國的主要準備,希望藉此 突破母國勞動力市場的各項限制。不過,遷移歷程的各項不確定因素,往往影響 了經濟資本的準備時程,而積蓄多寡更代表著他們在臺階段是否已經「準備好」。 因此,返鄉回流是否出於「自願性」返鄉,對移工群體的返鄉發展差異最為明顯。 雖然大部分移工在臺過程缺乏人力與文化資本的積累,但他們在臺所建立社會網 絡,由於長久認識並具備高度的信任關係,因而有助於移工突破母國勞動市場的 限制,成為了移工返鄉找工作的重要資訊來源。
Exchanges and links between Taiwan and Vietnam began in the 1980s and 1990s, initially driven by economic and trade interactions. Subsequently, with the influx of female marriage migrants and migrant workers, immigrant communities from Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam, have interacted with Taiwan society for nearly three decades, creating a distinct and diverse cultural landscape. Vietnam has also gradually become an important research topic. However, previous studies on Vietnam have mainly focused on the Vietnamese community, networks, and their adaptability in Taiwan, or on Taiwanese business organizations (transnational production) in Vietnam. These studies have failed to broaden the scope of research to include migration timelines and trajectories within Vietnam. Due to the limitations of the research field and topics, the motivations, and processes of migrants at different stages of migration are easily overlooked. This paper focuses on two groups: “Vietnamese migrant workers” and “Vietnamese students” in Taiwan. The research aims to extend its scope until they “return” and understand how they “Building Taiwan experience” through studying and working overseas. It explores how migrants accumulate capital in the transnational cultural context, prepare for their return and resource mobilization. When they return to Vietnam, it examines how migrants exchange their capital and how the 'Taiwan experience' can be applied in Vietnamese society.
The paper suggests that overseas students focus on accumulating human and cultural capital, such as educational qualifications, Chinese language skills and work experience, while studying in Taiwan. Through internships and employment in Taiwan, they gain insights into the Taiwanese work culture, thereby establishing cultural familiarity. After returning to Vietnam, they mainly work for Taiwanese or Chinese companies operating in Vietnam. In addition, some students start their own businesses using Taiwanese snacks or food products. To facilitate efficient capital transfer and resource mobilisation, the cross-border social networks established during their time in Taiwan play a crucial role as important sources of information and support. On the other hand, most of migrant workers' energy and time during their stay in Taiwan is devoted to accumulating economic capital, often leaving them with little physical stamina and time to accumulate human capital and learning, such as language skills and technical expertise. As a result, the importance of human and cultural capital for their development when they return home is often overlooked, and they prioritise the amount of savings as the main preparation for their return, hoping to overcome the educational constraints of the Vietnamese labour market. However, various uncertainties in the migration process affect the time available for preparing economic capital. Therefore, whether return migration is 'voluntary' or not plays an important role in the differential development of the migrant worker population upon their return. Although most migrant workers do not accumulate human and cultural capital during their time in Taiwan, the social networks they build are valuable resources. These networks, based on long-term relationships and high levels of trust, help migrant workers overcome the limitations of the labour market in their home country. They serve as important sources of information when migrant workers return and seek employment opportunities.
(一). 期刊論文
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