Enix: A Lightweight Dynamic Operating System for Tightly Constrained Wireless Sensor Platforms

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研究生：	陳右庭 Chen, Yu-Ting
論文名稱：	Enix: A Lightweight Dynamic Operating System for Tightly Constrained Wireless Sensor Platforms
指導教授：	周百祥 Chou, Pai H.
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系 Computer Science
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	75
中文關鍵詞：	作業系統、檔案系統、動態載入、虛擬記憶體、無線感測網路
外文關鍵詞：	WSN, operating system, file system, dynamic loading, remote reprogramming
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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摘要
本論文提出了Enix，一個專為無線感測網路(WSN)所設計之輕量化且動態的作業系統。Enix提供合作式執行緒(cooperative threading model)，適用基於事件觸發的WSN應用程式，並且只有極低的執行時期負擔。藉由編譯器的幫助，虛擬記憶體也被實做出來，以允許無線感測平台執行大於實體記憶體的應用程式。為了賦予已發佈之無線感測節點(wireless sensor node)更新韌體的能力，Enix也提供執行期間遠端上傳的功能。我們將WSN應用程式的主程式邏輯架構以及函式庫呼叫分開來，每一個無線感測節點都會有一份動態載入函式庫儲存於micro-SD卡內，因此當韌體更新時僅需無線遠端傳輸主程式邏輯架構。Enix同時也包含了一個輕量且有效率之檔案系統EcoFS。全功能的Enix包含EcoFS僅需8KB的程式記憶體以及512 bytes的資料記憶體，是所有WSN作業系統中最輕量的。

Abstract
In this thesis, we propose Enix, a lightweight dynamic operating system for tightly constrained platform for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Enix provides cooperative threading model, which is applicable to event-based WSN applications with little run-time overhead. Virtual memory is also supported with the assistance of the compiler, so that the sensor platforms can execute code larger than the physical code memory they have. To enable firmware update for deployed sensor nodes, remote reprogramming ability is available in Enix. The commonly used library and the main logical structure are separated; each sensor device has a copy of the dynamic loading library in the Micro-SD card, and therefore only the main function and user-defined subroutines should be updated through RF. A lightweight, efficient file system named EcoFS is also included in Enix. The code size and data size of Enix with full-function including EcoFS are 8 KB and 512 bytes, respectively, making Enix the smallest one compared to other WSN OSs.

Contents 1
Introduction 2
1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Lightweight and Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Appropriate Programming Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Virtual Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Remote reprogramming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Related Work 12
1 Programming Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Runtime OS support for WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Virtual Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4 File Systems for WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Enix Overview 20
1 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2 Design Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.1 Cooperative Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2 Dual-Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3 ELIB Design Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4 EcoFS Design Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Runtime Components in Enix 28
1 Cooperative Threads and Scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.1 Multi-points Setjmp/Longjmp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.2 Priority Based and Round-Robin Scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2 Compiler-Assisted Virtual Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.1 Demand Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.2 Memory Compaction and Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 Dynamic Loading and Run-time Reprogramming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1 Run-time Position-Independent Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2 Source Code Renement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
EcoFS : The File System 41
1 Storage Medium in WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2 Implementation Details of EcoFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.1 Code Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.2 Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3 Sensed Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.4 Network Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Evaluation and Results 50
1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.1 Sensor Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1.2 Software Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2 Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.1 Context Switch Overhead Applied to Dierent Scheduler Implementa-
tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.2 Eciency of EcoFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.3 Eciency of Enix Code Update Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Conclusions and Future Work 66
1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.1 Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.2 Dynamic Memory Allocator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.3 Portable EcoFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

                                

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