本研究利用不□鋼罐採樣法結合GC/MS量測加油站空氣中MTBE及揮發性有機化合物（VOCs），同時以輻射技術分解水中MTBE，並探討其反應機制。
研究發現加油站周界空氣中除含高濃度MTBE 外，亦可量測到Toluene、ethyne 、isobutene 、n-butane 等物種，而且這些化合物濃度均較一般交通路口高。未加裝油氣回收設備的加油站，其周界總VOCs與MTBE的濃度約為加裝油氣回收設備加油站7.3倍與20 倍。在MTBE對於生殖系統的傷害方面，無回收系統的加油站的附近居民所承受MTBE的終生致癌風險度，高於一般可接受度。
此外，本研究以頂空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)搭配GC/FID分析技術配合高科技輻射分解技術，詳盡探討不同輻射因子對於水中MTBE的分解效率，並進一步探討水中MTBE輻射分解的反應機制。研究結果顯示MTBE在59.7Gy/min照射劑量率照射五分鐘，可被完全分解。TBF、TBA、acetone及MA為主要降解中間產物。這些中間產物之最高濃度可分別達MTBE濃度的47％、11％、6.4％及9.1％。有機化合物苯的存在，會降低MTBE的輻射分解效率。另外，重金屬銅的存在，雖對MTBE分解沒有明顯影響，然而卻對其分解中間產物TBF有抑制作用。

This study aims to measure MTBE and volatile organics (VOCs) in the ambient air and using ionizing radiation to degrade MTBE in water. Canister sampling with GC/MS analyzed MTBE and VOCs in the ambient air around gasoline stations during rush hours and assessed their impact on human health. Results from this study clearly indicate that methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), toluene,ethyne , isobutene, and n- butane are the major VOCs. Moreover, the concentrations of these compounds in the ambient air near gasoline stations are remarkably higher than those sampled on traffic roads, revealing that these compounds are mainly released from gasoline stations. The concentrations of MTBE and VOCs near the gasoline stations without vapor recovery systems are about 20 and 7.3 times higher than those around the gasoline stations having the recovery systems. The risk of MTBE to the reproductive systems at the sites without vapor recovery system was higher than the normal acceptable values.
The radiolytic degradation of MTBE in aqueous solution was studied under different conditions. Moreover, in this experiment, using Headspace-SPME coupling GC/FID determine the degradative products. Results show that complete degradation of MTBE can be achieved within 5 min of irradiation at 59.7Gy/min. Tert-butyl formate (TBF), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), acetone, methyl acetate (MA) were found to be the primary intermediates of the degradation reaction with yields of 47%, 11%, 6.4% and 9.1%, respectively. However, the removal of MTBE is significantly decreased with increasing concentration of benzene. In addition, the presence of cupric ions appears to reduce degradation of TBF, while the removal of MTBE is not significantly affected.

1.經濟部能源委員會. 95年8月份已核發經營許可執照之汽車加油站 分布情況分析統計表 . 2006.
2.新竹縣環境保護局. 新竹加油站維護手冊. 2005
3.張莉茹. 以自然衰減整治受石油碳氫化合物污染之地下水. 碩士論文.國立中山大學環境工程研究所.高雄.2004.
4.行政院環境保護署. 土壤及地下水污染整治雙年報 .2004.
5.鄭凱文. 空氣污染檢測概述.台灣環保產業雙月刊.2003.4月.
6.羅湘鈞. 大氣環境中揮發性有機化合物之分析與應用. 碩士,國立清華大學,原子科學研究所 .2002.
7.桃園縣環保局. 桃園縣空氣污染綜合防治計畫.2002
8.行政院環境保護署. 揮發性有機物空氣污染管制及排放標 .2002.
9.方瑋寧. MTBE好氧分解之可行性研究. 碩士,國立中山大學,環境工程研究所 .2002.
10.梁正中. ISCST-3 擴散模式介紹與操作說明. 2001.
11.行政院環境保護署. 汽油添加劑MTBE(甲基第三丁基醚)之環境污染特性.2001.<http://www.epa.gov.tw/training/49-4-2.htm>.
12.行政院環境保護署. 飲用水與甲基第三丁基醚相關資料.2001.
<http://www.epa.gov.tw/waterpollution/drinkwater/mains/m10.htm>.
13.楊金鐘. 利用土體加熱/氣提法與蒸氣注入/真空萃取法整治受甲基第三丁基醚與柴油污染土壤之研究— 一維質量傳輸理論解析與驗證.第二十五屆廢棄物處理技術研討會.2000.
14.方淑慧. 空氣品質保護25年紀實. 2000:65-67.
15.范姜威鎧. 台市道鄰近地區及加油站空氣中揮發性有機化合物濃度調查研究. 國立陽明大學.台北.2000.
16.簡慧貞、阮國棟. 健康風險曝露評估準則之建立.工業污染防治.1994;50:1-17.
17.簡慧貞、阮國棟. 我國毒性物質風險評估之現況及展望 .工業污染防治.1993;46:145-70.
18.簡慧貞、阮國棟. 毒性化學物質風險評估資料及其應用 .工業污染防治.1993;47:115-51.
19.蔡俊鴻. 石化工廠附近大氣中揮發性有機物污特性極為害分析（Ⅰ）. 行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫報告.1993.
20.蔣本基,江右君. 台北地區空氣中揮發性有機物特性與污染源分.第十屆空氣污染控制技術研討會論文集,1993:201-208.
21.吳季蘭,戚生初. 輻射化學. 原子能出版社.1993.
22.歐昌隆. 台北市加油站二溴乙烷風險性評. 碩士論文,國立台灣大學環境工程研究所.1991.
23.A.J.Swallow. Radiation Chemistry: An Introduction. London: Longman. 1973.
24.Adams,G.E., et al. Reactions of the Hydroxyl Radical. Part2. Determination of Absolute Rate Constants".Trans. Faraday. Soc., 1965;61:1417-24.
25.Anbar,M.,D.Meyerstein,and P.Neta.Reactivity of Aliphatic Compounds Towards Hydroxyl Radicals".J.Chem.Soc.1966; B.743.
26.Barreto, R. D., K. A. Gray, and K. Anders.1995. Photocatalytic
Degradation of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether in TiO2 Slurries a Proposed Reaction Scheme.Water Research.1995;29:1243-8.
27.Bernath, T., G. H. Parsons Jr, and S. G. Cohen.Free-Radical Coupling, Cleavage, and Redox Reactions in 60Co Radiolysis of Aqueous Methyl Acetate. Effects of Additives. J.Am.Chem.Soc. 1975;97:2413-9.
28.Bonjar, G.H.Shahidi. Potential Ecotoxicological Implication of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) Spills in the Environment. Ecotoxicology. 2004;13,7:631-5.
29.Borrely S.Radiation Process of Sewage and Sludge : A Review . Progress in Nuclear Energy.1988;33:3-21.
30.Buxton, G. V., et al. Critical Review of Rate Constants for Reactions of Hydrated Electrons, Hydrogen Atoms and Hydroxyl Radicals (.OH/.O-) in Aqueous Solution. J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data. 1988; 17: 513-86.
31.California Department of Health Services .Drinking Water Standards for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether(MTBE) .Sacramen to CA.1999.
32.Chaychain, M., et al.The Mechanisms of Removal of Heavy Metals from Water by Ionizing Radiation.Radiation Physics and Chemistry.1998; 53:145-50.
33.Chih-Chung Chang , et al . Analysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) in the Atmosphere and Implications as an Exclusive Indicator of Automobile Exhaust".Atmospheric Environment.2003:4747-55.
34.Church, C. D., J. F. Pankow, and P. G. Tratnyek.Hydrolysis of Tert-Butyl Formate: Kinetics, Products, and Implications for the Environmental Impact of MTBE . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1999; 18: 2789-96.
35.Davidson,J.M.and Creek, D.N.Using the Gasoline Additive in MTBE Forensic Environmental Investigations.Environmental Forensics. 2000:1,31-6.
36.Deeb R.A .,HuH.-Y.,and Hanson J.R.,Substrate Interactions in BTEX and MTBE Mixtures by an MTBE Degradation Isolate. Environ. Sci. Technol.2000; 35:312.
37.Eibenberger,J., D.Schulte-Frohlinde, and S.Steenken. On Eelectron Oxidation of Alpha-Monoalkoxyalkyl Radicals by Tetranitromethane Via an Intermediate Adduct. Influence of the Radical Structure on the Rate of Decomposition of the Adduct.J.Phys.Chem. 1980;84:704.
38.Finlayson-Pitts ,B.J. and Pitts Jnr, J.N.Atmospheric Chemistry of Tropospheric Ozone Formation: Scientific and RegulatoryImplications .J Air and Waste Management Assoc.1993;43:1091-1100.
39.Fricke, H. and S. Morse. The Chemical Action of Roentgen Rays on Dilute Ferrosulfate Solutions as a Measure of Dose. Am.J. Roentgenol.Radium Ther.1927;18:426-30.
40.Getoff N. Environmental Radiation . Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 1999;54,5:377-84.
41.Hakkola M, and Saarinen L. Exposure of Tanker Drivers toGasoline and some of its Components . Annals Occupational Hygiene,1966 ; 40: 1-10.
42.Hardison,D.R., et al. The Free Radical Chemistry of Tert-Butyl Formate: Rate Constants for Hydroxyl Radical,Hydrated Electron and Hydrogen Atom Reaction in Aqueous Solution.Radiat.Phys.Chem. 2002;65: 309- 315.
43.Harkov,Renald. Measurement of Selected Volatile Organic Compounds at Three Locations in New Jersey during the Summer Season.Journal of Air Pollution Control Association. 1983: 1177-83.
44.Harte,J.,et al. Toxics A to Z. Univ. of California Press,1991.
45.Holzer G, and Shanfield H.Collection and Analysis of Trace Organic Emission from Natural Source.Journal of Chromatography, 1991; 562:755-64.
46.Hsin-Wang Liu, Ben-Zen Wu, and Jiunn-Guang Lo. Comparison of Analytical Methods for Volatile OrganicCompounds in Air— a Review. CHEMISTRY（THE CHINESE CHEM. SOC.,TAIPEI）. 2004;62(3):377-86.
47.Johnson, R., et al. Feature-MTBE to what Extent Will Paste Release Contaminated Community Water Supply Wells.Environ.Sci. Technol. 2000; 32:3194-9.
48.Kang,J.W.,and Hoffmann. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Sonolytic Destruction of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether by Ultrasonic Irradiation in the Presence of Ozone. Environ.Sci.Technol. 1998;32:3194-9.
49.Keith,L.H.,and M.M.Walker. Handbook of Air Toxics.Lewis Publishers,1995.
50.Kurucz C. The Miami Electron Research Facility: A Large Scale Wastewater Treatment Application. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 1995;45(2):299-308.
51.Lin, Chi-Wen,Song-Bor Chiang,and San-Ju ER.Lu. Investigation of MTBE and Aromatic Compound Concentrations at a Gas Service Station. Environmental monitoring and assessment.2005; 105(1-3): 327-39.
52.Lioy,Paul J.,et al. Microenvironmental and Personal Measurements of Methyl-Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) Associated with Automobile use Activities . Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 1994;4(4):427-41.
53.Mahnaz C,McLaughlin A,and William L.Mechanisms of Removal of Heavy Metals from Water by Ionizing Radiation. Radiation Physics and Chemistry,1998; 53(2):145-50.
54.Michael,B.D.,and E.J.Hart. The Rate Constants of Hydrated Electron, Hydrogen Atom, and Hydroxyl Radical Reactions with Benzene, 1,5-Cyclohexadiene, 1,4-Cyclohexadiene,and Cyclohexene. J.Phys.Chem. 1970;74:2878-84.
55.Mugica ,Violeta ,et al. Determination of Motor Vehicle Profiles for Non-Methane Organic Compounds in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 1998; 48(11):1060-8.
56.Nenadovic,M.T.,and O.I.Micic. Pulse Radiolysis of Methyl Acetate in Aqueous Solutions. Radiat.Phys.Chem.1978; 12:85-9.
57.Ollis,D.F., E.Pelizzetti. Destruction of Water Contaminants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991;25(9):1523-8.
58.O'Shea, K.E., T.Wu, and W.J.Cooper. TiO2 Photocatalyis of Gasoline Oxygenates. Kinetic Parameters and Effects of Catalyst Types and Loading on the Degradation of Methyl Tertbutyl Ether in MTBE and the Environment. In: Diaz, A.,Drogos, D (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series. American.2000: 165.
59.O’Shea,K.E,Duk Kyung Kim,2004. "Advanced Oxidation Technologies Radical Processes for Water Treatment." IAEA,61-67.
60.O'Shea,K.E.,et al. The Degradation of MTBE-BTEX Mixtures by Gamma Radiolysis. A Kinetic Modeling Study. Radiation Physics and Chemistry . 2002;65(4-5):343-7.
61.Radian Corp. Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Emission from Stationary Source. USEPA,EPA-450/2-78-022.1978.
62.Rappaport S M, Selvin S, and Wasters MA. Exposures to Hydrocarbon Components of Gasoline in the Petroleum Industry.Applied Industrial Hygiene.1987;2:148-57.
63.Schmelling D, Poster D,and chaychian M. Application of Ionizing Radaition to Remedialion of Meterials Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Polychlorinated Biphenyly.Radiation Physics and Chemistry.1998; 52(1~6):371-7.
64.Smith SL,and Duffy LK.,1995."Odor and Health Complaints with Alaska Gasolines".Chemical Health Safety.1995;32:2-38.
65.Spinnler,G.E.,et al. Demonstration of the BioRemedy Process for MTBE Remediation at Retail Gasoline Stations. international In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium,6th, San Diego,CA,United States.2001;1:11-8.
66.Stefen, M. I., J. Mack, and J. R. Bolton. Degradation Pathways during Treatment of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether by the UV/H2O2 Process. Environ. Sci. Technol.2000;34:650-8.
67.Taixing Wu, et al. Gamma Radiolysis of Methyl t-Butyl Ether: A Study of Hydroxyl Radical Mediated Reaction Pathways. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2002;65:335-41.
68.Thorsson, S., and I. Eliasson. Personal Exposure of Different Urban Environments–A Case Study. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Urban Air Quality and the 5thSaturn Workshop, PE.3.4." .
69.Tunsaringkarn,Tanasorn,et al. Health Effect of BTEX and MTBE among Gasoline Station Workers: Preliminary Study. Thai Journal of Health Research.2004;18(2):117-34.
70.U.S.EPA.Drinking Water Advisory.Consumer Accptabiliably Advice andHealth Effects Analysis on Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) . EPA-822-F-97-009.1997.
71.United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Users Guide for the Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) Dispersion Model. EPA/454/B-95/003.1995.
72.U.S.EPA.Drinking Water Advisory. Consumer Accptabiliably Advice andHealth Effects Analysis on Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether(MTBE). EPA-822-F-97-009 .1997.
73.U.S.EPA. Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether .
<http://www.epa.gov/mtbe/water.htm#movement>.2003
74.Vainiotalo S,et al. Customer Exposure to MTBE,TAME,C6 Alkyl Methyl Ethers and Benzene during Gasoline Refueling. Environmental Health Perspectives.1999; 107:133-40.
75.Wadden RA, Uno I,and Wakamatsu S. Source Discrimination of Short- Term Hydrocarbon Samples Measured Alote.Environmental Science & Technology.1986;20:473-83.