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研究生: 劉彥廷
Liu, Yen Ting
論文名稱: 直接姿態回授六軸機械手臂控制系統開發
Development of a Control System for Six-Axis Manipulators with Direct Pose Feedback
指導教授: 雷衛台
Lei, Wei Tai
口試委員: 吳隆庸
徐永源
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 動力機械工程學系
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 67
中文關鍵詞: 六軸機械手臂史都華平台直接姿態回授
外文關鍵詞: Six-Axis Manipulator, Stewart Platform, Direct Pose Feedback
相關次數: 點閱:4下載:0
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  • 以史都華平台機構為基礎所開發之六維運動量測裝置(Six-Degree Motion Measuring Device, MMD)是具有六個量測維度之測量裝置,將此六維運動量測裝置之上板安裝於六軸機械手臂末端的工具端,下板固定於工件端時,可直接回授六軸機械手臂之姿態,進行六軸機械手臂之伺服運動控制。
    本研究提出六軸機械手臂之直接姿態回授控制(Direct Pose Feedback Control, DPFC),在其運動過程中,利用六維運動量測裝置量測工具之姿態,經機械手臂理想機構逆轉換得出各關節之實際機械座標,此實際機械座標與機械手臂關節編碼器所量出之機械座標間之差值來自機械手臂之連結誤差,將此差值回授至馬達伺服控制迴路做誤差補償,可消除機械手臂關節編碼器無法觀測到之連結誤差。
    本論文提出之六軸機械手臂直接姿態回授運動控制由各馬達之伺服控制及整機之連結誤差補償控制構成,由於此方法完整保留原始之馬達伺服控制,因此極易整合於既有之機械手臂控制系統中,本論文另外實現六軸機械手臂之雙設定點運動控制(Twin-Setting-Points Motion Control, TPMC),配合直接姿態回授控制,大幅提升了六軸機械手臂之定位及軌跡精度。


    The Six-Degree Motion Measuring Device (MMD) is based on the Stewart platform mechanism and provides six measuring degrees of freedom. The pose of the manipulator can be directly measured by the MMD and be fed back for the servo motion control, when the upper plate of the MMD is mounted on the end of the manipulator and the base is fixed on the workpiece side.
    This research proposes a Direct Pose Feedback Control (DPFC) for a six-axis manipulator. During its motion control, the MMD is used to measure the pose of the tool. The actual machine coordinates are calculated after the ideal backward kinematic transform. The differences between actual machine coordinates and the machine coordinates measured by joint encoders are resulted from link errors of the manipulator. Feeding them back to the servo control loop of motors, the link errors not observable by the joint encoders can be eliminated.
    Presented by this thesis, the direct pose feedback control of the six-axis manipulator consists of the servo control of each motor and link errors compensation control of the six-axis manipulator. Since this method keeps the original servo control loop intact, therefore, it is easy to integrate the method in the existing control system. Additionally, The Twin-Setting-Points Motion Control (TPMC) for the six-axis manipulator is also implemented in this thesis. Together with the direct pose feedback control, the positioning and contour accuracy of the six-axis manipulator are dramatically improved.

    摘要 i Abstract ii 致謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 ix 1. 前言 1 2. 文獻回顧 2 2.1. 工業用機械手臂 2 2.2. 機械手臂誤差量測及補償 3 2.3. 機械手臂誤差來源 4 2.4. 六維運動量測系統 5 2.5. 研究目的 6 3. 六軸機器手臂與史都華平台之運動學分析 7 3.1. 史都華平台 7 3.1.1. 史都華平台逆向運動學 7 3.1.2. 史都華平台正向運動學 8 3.2. 六軸機械手臂 10 3.2.1. 六軸機械手臂正向運動學 11 3.2.2. 六軸機械手臂逆向運動學 13 4. 直接姿態回授控制 16 4.1. 單一局部座標系內之誤差控制 16 4.2. 直接姿態回授控制方法 17 4.2.1. 初始化流程 17 4.2.2. 量測基準點選定 18 4.2.3. 各軸軸線建立 18 4.2.4. 誤差量計算 20 4.2.5. 直接姿態回授控制迴路架構 22 4.3. 機構振動之因應 25 5. 雙設定點運動控制 29 5.1. 雙設定點運動控制簡介 29 5.2. 雙設定點運動控制與直接姿態回授控制整合 31 6. 實驗驗證 32 6.1. 直接姿態回授六軸機械手臂系統介紹 32 6.2. 定位量測驗證 35 6.2.1. 定位實驗架設 35 6.2.2. 六維運動量測裝置精度驗證 36 6.2.3. 直接姿態回授六軸機械手臂定位量測 39 6.3. 動態精度測試 51 6.3.1. 六軸機械手臂馬達動態鑑別 51 6.3.2. 循圓實驗說明 52 6.3.3. 直接姿態回授六軸機械手臂循圓驗證 53 6.3.4. 直接姿態回授與雙設定點運動控制整合之循圓驗證 58 7. 結論 65 參考文獻 66

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