中文動植物譬喻衍生詞初探｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	林孟美 Lin Meng-Mei
論文名稱：	中文動植物譬喻衍生詞初探 nimal and Plant Terms & Their Metaphorical Extensions in Chinese Lexicon: An Empirical Study
指導教授：	曹逢甫 Tsao Fung-fu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	人文社會學院 - 語言學研究所 Institute of Linguistics
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	140
中文關鍵詞：	動植物譬喻、俗成化、動植物名稱、熟悉度、社會價值觀、動植物特性
外文關鍵詞：	animal and plant metaphors, conventionalized, animal and plant terms, familarity, social values, salient properties
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關於中外動植物的譬喻詞之探討並不常見。大部分的討論都是著墨於不同語言之間的比較，或是字典的編纂。然而，即使在同一套語言系統裡，差異性仍然存在。本文的目的即在找出隱藏在中文動植物譬喻詞背後的一套運作機制及它所代表的意義。藉由對相關的俚語，諺語及問卷調察的分析顯示，即使在同一套語言系統裡，動植物譬喻詞也會因動植物”本身的顯著的特徵”，”與人類的關係”，”語言使用者的背景”及”其他俚語的存在”而有所差異。這樣的差異也反映了人類對整個社會及自然界的看法，態度和價值觀。

The studies about animal and plant metaphors are a few. Most of them are the work on the compilation of dictionaries about animal names used in metaphors or the comparison of most common figurative meanings between languages. Such discrepancy, however, may exist within a single language. Our study aims to exam the underlying rules governing their formation by means of surveying the conventionalized anima/plant idioms and metaphors in Mandarin Chinese. The corpus is based on the questionnaire, the collection from the online Mandarin Chinese Dictionary of Ministry of Education, R.O.C., and other related work like proverb or insulting terms. We found that even within a single language, the differences or similarities (e.g. degree of conventionality, common values) among animal and plant metaphors could be arisen as a result of interaction among the salient traits of animals and plants defining their levels, human-animal/plant relationship (e.g. relevance, familiarity, functions, significance), personal backgrounds (e.g. age, gender) and the existence of idioms. These similarities and difference reflect our relationship, concept, attitude, and judgment to the society and Nature.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction1 ………………..…….………………………………………1
0 Preface ……………………………………………………………………………1
1 Studies on Animal Metaphor and Plant Metaphor ……………………………….2
2 Our Study ………………………………………………………………………...4
3 Methodology ……………………………………………………………………. 5
4 Organization of the Thesis ……………………………………………………… 7

Chapter 2 Literature Review: Theoretical Background ……………………….……. 9
1 The Definition of Metaphor ……………………………………………………...9
2 The Categories of Metaphors …………………………………………………...10
3 The Cognitive Process of Understanding a Metaphor .…………………………13
4 The Nature of Entity, the Representation of Entity, the Metaphorical
Interpretation for Entity ………………………………………………………...17
5 The Classification of Grounds ………………………………………………… 22

Chapter3 Discussion of Idioms Involving Animal and Plant terms.………...…….. 24
0 The Direction………………………………..…………………………………. 24
1 Methodology…………………………………………………………………… 27
2 Idioms Involving Animals...…………………………………………………… 28
2.1 Insects and wild animals ………………………………………………...28
2.2 Livestock ...………………………………………………………………41
2.3 Pet ……………………………………………………………………….49
2.4 Pest ……………………………………………………………………....53
3 Idioms Involving plants....………………………………………………………55
3.1 Crop……………………………………………………………………...56
3.2 Ornamental……………………………………………………………....60
3.3 Material…………………………………………………………………..66
4 Important Generalization Concerning Animal and Plant Idioms……………….68
4.1 The preferable Grounds of Animal and Plant Idioms……………………68
4.2 The Connotative Value Denoted by Animal and Plant Idioms…………..72
4.3 The Interaction of Semantic Properties………………………………….73
4.4 The Sexism and Social Value Reflected in Idioms………………………75

Chapter 4 Analysis of Non-contextual Novel Metaphors Involving Animal and
Plant Terms………………………………………………………………………….80
1 The Top Three Preferable Interpretations for Each Term………………………81
1.1 The Significance of Degree of Familiarity………………………………85
2 Highly Conventionalized Animal and Plant metaphors………………………...87
2.1 The Significance of Highly Conventionalized Plant and Animal Metaphor……………………………………………………………………...88
2.2 Further categorization…………………………………………………..90
3 The More Conventionalized Metaphors……………………………………….95
3.1 The Significance of More Conventionalized Metaphors……………….97
3.2 Summary………………………………………………………………..98
4 Animal and Plant Metaphors Receiving No Agreed-upon Interpretation……...99
4.1 The Significance of Animal and Plant Metaphors Receiving No
Interpretation……………………………………..………………………….100
4.2 Summary…………………………...………………………………….103
5 The Cases of Metaphors Exclusively Given Positive or Negative
Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………104
5.1 The Significance the Cases of Metaphors Exclusively Given Positive
or Negative Evaluation………………………………………………………105
5.2 Summary……………………………...………………………………..107
6 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………108

Chapter 5 The Nature of Entity，The Representation of Entity，The Metaphorical
Interpretation for Entity…………………………………………………………...115
0 Introduction: The Theory Background and Direction……………………..….115
1 Methodology……………………………………………………………….....116
2 Results and Discussion…………………………………………………..…...118
2.1 The Relationship between the Literal Term and Non-literal Term…....118
2.2 The Nature of Entity and People’s Representation for That Entity…...123
3 Summary……………………………………………………………………...126

Chapter 6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….128
1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………....128
2 Suggestions for Further Research………………………………………….…131

Appendix ………………………………………………………………………....133
References ………………………………………………………………….…….137

                                

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語料來源
中央研究院語言學研究所籌備處搜文解字
http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~tibe/2-words.html
教育部教育部重編國語辭典修訂本
http://140.111.34.46/dict/?open
英英線上字典Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

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