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研究生： 歐朝陽
Ou, Chao-Yang
論文名稱： 以感應馬達渦輪模擬器驅動之永磁同步發電機
PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS DRIVEN BY INDUCTION MOTOR BASED TURBINE EMULATOR
指導教授： 廖聰明
Liaw, Chang-Ming
口試委員: 曾萬存
Tseng, Wan-Tsun
趙貴祥
Chao, Kuei-Hsiang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2022
畢業學年度： 110
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 111
中文關鍵詞： 聯網 、微電網 、風渦輪模擬器 、風力發電機 、感應馬達 、間接式磁場導向 、永磁同步發電機 、最大功率追蹤 、切換式整流器 、變頻器
外文關鍵詞： grid-connected, microgrid, wind turbine emulator, wind generator, induction motor, indirect field-orientation, permanent-magnet synchronous generator, maximum power point tracking, switch-mode rectifier, inverter
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    • 本論文旨在開發一以感應馬達渦輪模擬器驅動之風力永磁同步發電機。最大風能擷取及雙向聯網操作可藉由適當的背對背轉換器電路及控制器設計實現之。
    首先介紹所建之間接式磁場導向感應馬達驅動系統及風渦輪模擬器。透過適當設定間接式磁場導向控制中之額定磁通電流命令與轉差角速度命令，使感應馬達獲得良好之驅控性能，所提測試方式可更準確地估得馬達之關鍵參數。所開發之感應馬達驅動系統在速度模式下，可做為傳統發電機之渦輪機使用。另外，在轉矩模式下，可實現忠實之風渦輪模擬器。可產出於不同風速下所設計之轉矩-速度及功率-速度曲線，驅動機械耦接之風力發電機。
    接著，建立由感應馬達渦輪模擬器驅動之永磁同步發電機。在傳統發電機下以電壓模式操作，經由切換式整流器建立調節性良好之直流鏈電壓。而做為風渦輪模擬器驅動之風力發電機，採用擾動觀察法達成最大功率追蹤，以擷取風速變化下之最大風能。
    最後，以所設計之一雙變頻器實現雙向聯網操作。在電網至微電網模式下，微電網可從電網獲取能量，而具良好之入電電力品質。反之，可進行微電網至電網之操作，藉由所提控制，可將預設之實功及虛功功率回送至電網。

    This thesis develops a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) driven by the induction motor (IM) based turbine emulator. Through the proper schematic and controller designs for the equipped back-to-back converter, the maximum wind power extraction and the bidirectional grid-connected operations are achieved.
    The indirect field-oriented (IFO) induction motor drive and the wind turbine emulator (WTE) are first presented. Satisfactory IM driving performance is obtained via properly setting the rated flux current command and slip angular speed command in the IFO mechanism. The employed motor parameters are more accurately estimated by the proposed testing approach. The developed IM drive can be controlled to act as a traditional turbine in speed mode for conventional generators. On the other hand, by operating under torque mode, a faithful wind turbine emulator is established. The designed torque-speed and power-speed curves under varied wind speed are generated to drive the mechanically coupled wind generator.
    Next, the PMSG with followed switch-mode rectifier (SMR) driven by the IM based turbine emulator is established. It is operated under voltage mode for conventional generator. Well-regulated DC-bus voltage is established. As to the wind generator driven by the WTE, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) via perturb and observe method is made to extract the maximum wind power under varied wind speed.
    Finally, for conducting the grid-connected operation, a bidirectional grid-connected inverter is designed and implemented. In grid-to-microgrid (G2M) operation mode, the microgrid can be powered from the grid with good line drawn power quality. Conversely, the microgrid-to-grid (M2G) operation can also be conductible. The preset real and reactive powers can be sent back to the grid.

    ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii LIST OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES xiv LIST OF SYMBOLS xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xxii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Literature Review 1 1.3 Thesis Organization 3 CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF MICROGRID AND WIND POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Micro-grid System 5 2.3 Wind Generator System 5 2.3.1 Wind Turbines 5 2.3.2 Governing Equations and Power Characteristics 7 2.3.3 Typical Wind Generators 9 2.4 Employed Wind Turbine Prime Mover 10 2.4.1 Induction Motor Drive 10 2.4.2 Estimation of IM Equivalent Circuit Parameters 18 2.4.3 Measured Results 20 2.4.4 Field-current Command Setting 22 2.4.5 Key issues of an IFO IM drive 24 2.5 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 25 2.5.1 Structures 25 2.5.2 Modeling of PMSM 26 2.5.3 Measurements of Motor Parameters 29 2.5.4 Key Issues of Wind PMSG 31 2.5.5 Motor Efficiency Standard 32 2.6 Interface Converters for Wind Generator 33 2.6.1 Three-phase SMR 33 2.6.2 Governing Equations 35 2.7 Three-phase Inverters 37 CHAPTER 3 INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEN PRIME MOVER EMULATOR 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 The Developed IFO IM Drive 39 3.2.1 System Configuration and Functional Statements 39 3.2.2 IM Ratings 41 3.2.3 Voltage-source Inverter 41 3.2.4 Sensing and Interface Circuits 41 3.2.5 DSP TMS320F28379D 43 3.2.6 Flowcharts of Control Routines 44 3.3 Control Schemes 45 3.3.1 Current Controller 45 3.3.2 Speed Controller 45 3.4 Performance Evaluation 48 3.4.1 Starting Characteristics 48 3.4.2 Speed Dynamic Responses 48 3.4.3 Steady-state Characteristics 49 3.4.4 Acceleration/Deceleration and Reversible Operation 50 3.5 Observed Torque Control 50 3.5.1 Dynamic Model Estimation 51 3.5.2 Torque Controller Design 53 3.5.3 Torque Robust Error Cancellation Controller (TRECC) 54 3.6 Development of IFO IM Driven WTE 55 3.6.1 Modeling Wind Turbine Characteristics 55 3.6.2 Simulated and Experimental Results of the Developed IFO IM Driven WTE 57 CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR 60 4.1 Introduction 60 4.2 System Configuration and Functional Statements 60 4.3 Power Circuit 61 4.3.1 SPMSG Ratings 61 4.3.2 Circuit Operation 61 4.3.3 Design of Circuit Components 64 4.4 Fixed Voltage SPMSG 66 4.4.1 SPMSG Dynamic Model 66 4.4.2 Current Control Scheme 66 4.4.3 Voltage Control Scheme 67 4.5 Experimental Results of the WTE Driven SPMSG 70 4.5.1 Steady-state Characteristics 70 4.5.2 Measured Hall Signal and Speed 72 4.5.3 Dynamic Responses 73 4.6 Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of the WTE Driven SPMSG 74 4.6.1 Control Scheme 74 4.6.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Algorithm 74 4.6.3 Experimental Evaluation 76 4.6.4 Dynamic Characteristics 78 4.7 Energy Conversion Efficiency Assessment 80 CHAPTER 5 GRID-CONNECTED OPERATION OF THE ESTABLISHED WIND GENERATOR 84 5.1 Introduction 84 5.2 System Configuration and Functional Statements 84 5.3 Power Circuit of Grid-connected Inverter 84 5.3.1 Circuit Analysis 85 5.3.2 Design of Circuit Components 88 5.4 Control Schemes 90 5.4.1 Utility Grid Voltage Sensing Circuits 90 5.4.2 Phase-locked Loop Mechanism 90 5.4.3 Current Control Scheme 90 5.4.4 Power Control Scheme 92 5.4.5 Voltage Control Scheme 92 5.5 Experimental Verification of the Three-phase Full-bridge SMR 94 5.6 Back to Back Converter Operation Assessment 101 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 105 REFERENCES 106

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    [89] T. M. Rowan and R. J. Kerkman, “A new synchronous current regulator and an analysis of current-regulated PWM inverters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, vol. IA-22, no. 4, pp. 678-690, July 1986.
    F. SPWM Modulation Techniques
    [90] A. M. Hava, R. J. Kerkman, and T. A. Lipo, “Simple analytical and graphical methods for carrier-based PWM-VSI drives,” IEEE Trans. Power. Electron, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 49-61, Jan. 1999.
    [91] Y. Zhao, T. Adamson, J. C. Balda, and Y. Zhang, “A frequency-modulated space vector pulse-width modulation for ripple current control of permanent-magnet motor drives,” IEEE ECCE, pp. 6578-6584, 2018.
    [92] B. Tan, Z. Gu, K. Shen, and X. Ding, “Third harmonic injection SPWM method based on alternating carrier polarity to suppress the common mode voltage,” in Proc. IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 9805-9816, 2019.
    G. Others
    [93] Texas Instruments Inc. “TMS320F2837xD Dual-Core Microcontrollers”, TMS320F28379D data sheet, December 2013 [Revised February, 2021], Available: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320f28379d.pdf.

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