產品包裝對於供應鏈活動的效率和包裝的操作有巨大的影響，本質上影響著產品的價格，而可裝配性設計的概念在文獻中被證明出可以改善產品的製造操作性，這個研究用來應用在包裝系統上。然而，先前的研究常用規劃方法來評估不同包裝的表現時只考慮兩個因素，例如成本和處理時間，因為近年來永續性的議題日益受到重視，這篇論文加入永續性成為其中一個考量因素來和先前的研究做出區隔。故本研究將三個目標以數學模型的方式呈現。一個設計以盡量符合現實情況的活頁夾案例能夠表現出此模型所預期的結果和這三個目標的一致性。本篇研究的貢獻除了將可裝配性設計的概念應用在包裝上，還有經由數學模型找出在成本、處理時間、永續性三個目標下最符合需求的包裝尺寸，並對結果的分析提出建議。

Product packaging has a huge impact on the efficiency of supply chain activities and packaging operation potentially influences the price of product. The concepts of Design for Assembly (DFA), which has been proved to be effective on improving manufacturing operations of products in literature, is applied to package system in this research. However, previous studies used programming methods to measure a package system’s performance only considered two objectives, such as cost and time. Because of rising attention to sustainability in recent years, this research adds sustainability as one of the objectives to differentiate from previous studies. Therefore, the packaging system is formulated in a mathematical model with three objectives. A case of binder clips which has been designed to meet the realities is able to revels that the proposed model can achieve the desirable results and also the consistency among three objectives. Except applying DFA concepts to package system, the contributions of this research also lies in the mathematical model to calculate the cost, handling time, sustainability of the three objectives under the most in line with the needs of the packaging size, and provides suggestions through analyzing the results.

[1] Smithers Pira (2013). Smithers Pira Market Intelligence. Retrieved July 15, 2016, from SmitherPira Web http://www.smitherspira.com/industry-market-reports/packaging/global-world-packaging-industry-market-report viewed 10/04/2016.
[2] García-Arca, J., González-Portela, A. T., & Prado-Prado, J. C. (2014). Packaging as source of efficient and sustainable advantages in supply chain management. An analysis of bricks. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering, 2(1), 15-22.
[3] Rundh, B. (2013). Linking packaging to marketing: how packaging is influencing the marketing strategy. British Food Journal, 115(11), 1547-1563.
[4] Jönson, G. (2000). Packaging Technology for the Logistician, 2nd Ed., Lund University.
[5] García-Arca, J., Prado-Prado, J. C., & Gonzalez-Portela Garrido, A. T. (2014). “Packaging logistics”: promoting sustainable efficiency in supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 44(4), 325-346.
[6] Hsu, W., Fuh, Y. J., & Zhang, Y. (1998). Synthesis of design concepts from a design for assembly perspective. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 11(1-2), 1-13.
[7] Dominic, C., Johansson, K., Lorentzon, A., Olsmats, C., Tiliander, L., & Weström, P. (2000). Förpackningslogistik. Packforsk. Kista.
[8] Hellstrom, D., & Saghir, M. (2007). Packaging and logistics interactions in retail supply chains. Packaging technology and science, 20(3), 197-216.
[9] Tacken, J., Sanchez Rodrigues, V., & Mason, R. (2014). Examining CO2e reduction within the German logistics sector. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 25(1), 54-84.
[10] Dey, A., LaGuardia, P., & Srinivasan, M. (2011). Building sustainability in logistics operations: a research agenda. Management Research Review, 34(11), 1237-1259.
[11] Kumar, M., & Kumar, D. (2015). Green logistics optimization model for forward and reverse logistics using genetic algorithm. Proceedings of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2015 IEEE International Conference on IEEE (pp. 717-720).
[12] Pires, A., Martinho, G., Ribeiro, R., Mota, M., & Teixeira, L. (2015). Extended producer responsibility: a differential fee model for promoting sustainable packaging. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 343-353.
[13] Lindh, H., Williams, H., Olsson, A., & Wikström, F. (2016). Elucidating the Indirect Contributions of Packaging to Sustainable Development: A Terminology of Packaging Functions and Features. Packaging Technology and Science, 29(4), 225-246.
[14] Dominic, C. A., Östlund, S., Buffington, J., & Masoud, M. M. (2015). Towards a conceptual sustainable packaging development model: a corrugated box case study. Packaging Technology and Science, 28(5), 397-413.
[15] White, G. R., Sarpong, D., & Ndrecaj, V. (2015). Sustainable packaging: Regulations and operational challenges in a manufacturing SME. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 6(4), 31-40.
[16] Pericot, N. G., Sierra, E. M., del Río Merino, M., & Carrasco, Ó. L. (2017). Packaging waste reduction in construction sites: eco-redesign of cardboard boxes. Waste Recycling Research, 1(1).
[17] Dandurand, B., Guarneri, P., Fadel, G. M., & Wiecek, M. M. (2014). Bilevel multi-objective packaging optimization for automotive design. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 50(4), 663-682.
[18] Chung, S. H., Ma, H. L., & Chan, H. K. (2016). Maximizing recyclability and reuse of tertiary packaging in production and distribution network. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 109.
[19] Xu, F., Zhang, W., & Cui, C. W. (2016). The Material Selection Method of Packaging of Eelectronic mechanical Products Based on Low Carbon and Cost Constraint. Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, 13(8).
[20] Boothroyd, G., & Alting, L. (1992). Design for assembly and disassembly. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 41(2), 625-636.
[21] Bogue, R. (2012). Design for manufacture and assembly: background, capabilities and applications. Assembly Automation, 32(2), 112-118.
[22] Sanders, D., Chai Tan, Y., Rogers, I., & Tewkesbury, G.E. (2009). An expert system for automatic design-for-assembly. Assembly Automation, 29(4), 378-388.
[23] Kretschmer, R., Pfouga, A., Rulhoff, S., & Stjepandić, J. (2017). Knowledge-based design for assembly in agile manufacturing by using Data Mining methods. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 31.
[24] Soh, S.L., Ong, S.K., & Nee, A.Y.C. (2016). Design for assembly and disassembly for remanufacturing. Assembly Automation, 36(1), 12-24.
[25] Favi, C., Germani, M., & Mandolini, M. (2016). Design for Manufacturing and Assembly vs. Design to Cost: Toward a Multi-objective Approach for Decision-making Strategies during Conceptual Design of Complex Products. Procedia CIRP, 50, 275-280.
[26] Bala Murali, G., Deepak, B. B. V. L., Raju Bahubalendruni, M. V. A., & Biswal, B. B. (2017). Optimal Assembly Sequence Planning Towards Design for Assembly Using Simulated Annealing Technique. Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Research into Design (ICoRD 2017), IIT Guwahati, Assam, India, 9-11 January 2017.
[27] Ahmad, M. N., Adeera, N., Mazran, M. O., & Khalid, M. (2016). The Significant Improvement on The Design of Pedestrian Traffic Light Using Boothroyd Dewhurst Design for Assembly (DFA) Method: A Case Study. Journal of Advanced Research Design, 25(1), 11-19.
[28] Hanafy, M., & ElMaraghy, H. (2017). Modular product platform configuration and co-planning of assembly lines using assembly and disassembly. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 42, 289-305.
[29] Turner, B.L., Kasperson, R.E., Matson, P.A., McCarthy, J.J., Corell, R.W., Christensen, L., & Polsky, C. (2003). A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 100(14), 8074-8079.
[30] James, K., Fitzpatrick, L., Lewis, H., & Sonneveld, K. (2005). Sustainable packaging systems development. Handbook on Sustainability Research.
[31] Lewis, H., Fitzpatrick, L., Verghese, K., Sonneveld, K., Jordon, R., & Alliance, S. P. (2007). Sustainable packaging redefined. Sustainable Packaging Alliance, http://www. sustainable pack. org/database/files/news files/Sustainable% 20Packaging% 20Redef ined% 20Nov, 20, 202007.
[32] Molina‐Besch, K., & Pålsson, H. (2016). A Supply Chain Perspective on Green Packaging Development‐Theory Versus Practice. Packaging Technology and Science, 29(1), 45-63
[33] Zailani, S., Shaharudin, M. R., Govindasamy, V., Ismail, M., & Mahdzar, S.F.A.S. (2015). The eco-efficiency practices of the sustainable packaging and its effect towards sustainable supply chain performance. Proceedings of InTechnology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), 2015 International Symposium on IEEE (pp. 448-453).
[34] Elkington, J. (1998). Partnerships from cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st‐century business. Environmental Quality Management, 8(1), 37-51.
[35] Hall, T. J. (2011). The triple bottom line: What is it and how does it work. Indiana business review, 86(1), 4.
[36] Hubbard, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: beyond the triple bottom line. Business strategy and the environment, 18(3), 177-191.
[37] Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1957). Management models and industrial applications of linear programming. Management Science, 4(1), 38-91.
[38] Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1977). Goal programming and multiple objective optimizations: Part 1. European Journal of Operational Research, 1(1), 39-54.
[39] Romero, C. (2001). Extended lexicographic goal programming: a unifying approach. Omega, 29(1), 63-71.
[40] Chang, C. T. (2004). On the mixed binary goal programming problems. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 159(3), 759-768.
[41] Oliveira, C., & Antunes, C. H. (2004). A multiple objective model to deal with economy–energy–environment interactions. European Journal of Operational Research, 153(2), 370-385.
[42] Mourmouris, J. C., Potolias, C., & Fantidis, J. G. (2012). Evaluation of renewable energy sources exploitation at remote regions, using computing model and multi-criteria analysis: a case-study in Samothrace, Greece. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 2(2), 307-316.
[43] Jayaraman, R., Colapinto, C., La Torre, D., & Malik, T. (2017). A Weighted Goal Programming model for planning sustainable development applied to Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Applied Energy, 185, 1931-1939.
[44] Choudhary, D., & Shankar, R. (2014). A goal programming model for joint decision making of inventory lot-size, supplier selection and carrier selection. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 71, 1-9.
[45] Jadidi, O. M. I. D., Zolfaghari, S., & Cavalieri, S. (2014). A new normalized goal programming model for multi-objective problems: A case of supplier selection and order allocation. International Journal of Production Economics, 148, 158-165.
[46] Chiu, M. C., & Okudan, G. (2011). An integrative methodology for product and supply chain design decisions at the product design stage. Journal of Mechanical Design, 133(2), 021008.
[47] Rampersad, H. K. (1995). "Integrated and Simultaneous Design for Robotic Assembly", Wiley, London.
[48] Carbon Footprint Calculation Platform Web (2013). https://cfp-calculate.tw/cfpc/WebPage/LoginPage.aspx
[49] Dodge, Y. (2006). The Oxford dictionary of statistical terms. Oxford University Press on Demand.
[50] Wang, H.F., Multicriteria Decision Analysis –From Certainty to Uncertainty, ISBN 986-7777-55-7, Ting Lung Book Co., 2004.
[51] Svanes, E., Vold, M., Møller, H., Pettersen, M. K., Larsen, H., & Hanssen, O. J. (2010). Sustainable packaging design: a holistic methodology for packaging design. Packaging Technology and Science, 23(3), 161-174.
[52] Pålsson, H., Finnsgård, C., & Wänström, C. (2013). Selection of packaging systems in supply chains from a sustainability perspective: the case of Volvo. Packaging Technology and Science, 26(5), 289-310.