製備多孔芳香胺高分子應用於水中金屬離子移除

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研究生：	許瑞文 Hsu, Ray Wen
論文名稱：	製備多孔芳香胺高分子應用於水中金屬離子移除 Preparation of Porous Functional Heterocyclic Polymerized Aromatic Amines for Removal of Aqueous Metals from Wastewater
指導教授：	王本誠 Wang, Pen Cheng
口試委員:	林滄浪 Lin, Tsang-Lang 陳燦耀 Chen, Tsan-Yao
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	原子科學院 - 工程與系統科學系 Department of Engineering and System Science
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	75
中文關鍵詞：	芳香胺高分子、表面積、胺基、亞胺基
外文關鍵詞：	Polymerized aromatic amines, Surface area, Amines, Imines
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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隨著工業的發展與演進，水污染已成為人類社會面臨的嚴重威脅。而重金屬是水污染的主要污染物之一，因此如何處理好重金屬廢水已成為當前亟待解決的
工作。因此，開發成本低、處理效果好的吸附劑為處理重金屬廢水的一大方向。
　　本研究主要分為兩大部分：第一部分探討芳香胺高分子微結構的生長機制，透過控制微結構的生長改變其表面積大小，增加吸附劑的吸附量，其中主要是起始劑的添加、氧化劑的選擇及濃度的改變，來提升多孔芳香胺的表面積，起使劑的添加會誘發聚合物產生自由基，改變微結構的生長，而不同的氧化劑對於聚合速度有顯著的影響，亦會使其微結構產生變化，並搭配微波合成，探討如何藉由外力影響自由基的生成進而影響芳香胺高分子的生成，最後，透過濃度的調整及界面反應，改變其質傳的速度，進而影響其聚合的效果，探討局部濃度過高對其影響，有利其後續的應用，而第二部分將芳香胺高分子應用於吸附水中金屬離子，改善以聚苯胺為材料的吸附劑效能，因芳香胺高分子富含胺基及亞胺基，
能達到提高金屬吸附率之目標。

關鍵字：芳香胺高分子、表面積、胺基及亞胺基

Huge metals are discharged into the environment for their wide applications in semiconductor, panel, textile dyeing, printing inks, wood preservation, paints, etc. resulting in environmental pollution. Usually, metals exist in metal ions forms in aqueous environment. Therefore, the strategy based on metal ions reduction and consequently precipitation was often used for metal ions removal.
In this work, the applicability of polymerized aromatic amines for the removal of copper and palladium from various water samples has been investigated. Besides, the effect of mass transfer, concentrations of reactants and the addition of the initiator on the morphology of polymerized aromatic amines was studied. With using different aniline analogues as the monomers, we could tune the nitrogen/carbon composition. In the meantime, we can get a high capacity adsorbent for metals by increasing the amount of amines, imines and surface area.

Key words: polymerized aromatic amines、surface area、amines and imines

目錄
     中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………….…………………………. i
     英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………..………. ii
     誌謝………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………. iii
     目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…… iv
     圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………………viii
     表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………………xii

一、    緒論    1
1-1背景    1
1-2研究目的    3
二、    文獻回顧    5
2-1多孔芳香胺高分子    5
2-1-1聚苯胺    5
2-1-1-1化學方法合成聚苯胺    7
2-1-1-2電化學方法合成聚苯胺    7
2-1-2芳香胺高分子    7
2-1-3 多孔高分子之製備    8
2-1-3-1添加劑    8
2-1-3-2氧化劑    9
2-1-3-3 濃度    10
2-2 水中金屬處理    11
2-2-1 水中金屬處理之方法    11
2-2-1-1還原沉降法    11
2-2-1-2離子交換樹脂法    11
2-2-1-3電化學還原法    11
2-2-1-4金屬吸附劑    12
2-2-2水中銅離子之移除    13
2-2-3水中鈀離子之移除    14
三、    實驗內容    16
3-1實驗使用藥品    16
3-2實驗流程    17
3-3雜環高分子材料製備    18
3-4以芳香胺高分子為吸附劑吸附水中金屬    20
四、    儀器設備    21
4-1掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)    21
4-2比表面積分析儀(Surface Area and Porosimetry Analyser)    23
4-3光譜分析    26
4-3-1紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜儀(UV-VIS-NIR Spectrometer)    26
4-3-2傅立葉轉換紅外光光譜儀(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, FTIR)    27
4-3-3共軛聚焦顯微拉曼光譜儀(Confocal Micro-Raman Spectrometer)    28
4-4元素分析儀(Elemental Analyzer)    29
4-5 X射線光電子能譜儀(X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer, XPS)    30
4-6熱分析儀(THERMAL ANALYZERS, TGA)    32
4-7感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer, ICP-MS)    33
五、    實驗結果與討論    35
5-1 雜環聚合物之特性分析    35
5-1-1掃描式電子顯微鏡    35
5-1-1-1添加劑濃度之變化    35
5-1-1-2氧化劑的氧化還原能力強弱    36
5-1-1-3單體比例之變化    36
5-1-1-4 微波合成之芳香胺高分子    36
5-1-1-5 界面反應之芳香胺高分子    37
5-1-2比表面積分析儀(Surface Area and Porosimetry Analyser)    47
5-1-2-1添加劑濃度之變化    47
5-1-2-2氧化劑的氧化還原能力強弱    47
5-1-2-3單體比例之變化    51
5-1-2-4 微波合成之芳香胺高分子    51
5-1-3元素分析    54
5-1-3-1元素分析儀    54
5-1-3 X射線光電子能譜儀    55
5-1-5傅立葉轉換紅外光光譜儀    60
5-1-6紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜儀    61
5-1-7熱分析儀    64
5-2水中金屬離子吸附之分析    65
5-2-1感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀    65
5-2-1-1吸附水中銅離子    65
5-2-1-2吸附水中鈀離子    66
六、    結論    69
七、    未來工作    71
八、    參考文獻    72



圖目錄
圖 1聚苯胺的氧化還原型態    6
圖 2聚苯胺不同氧化程度的UV光譜    6
圖 3苯胺與其衍生物    8
圖 4聚苯胺與重金屬離子反應的機制    9
圖 5聚苯胺之微結構    9
圖 6利用弱氧化劑合成聚苯胺之電子顯微鏡圖    10
圖 7利用不同濃度合成聚苯胺之電子顯微鏡圖    10
圖 8聚苯胺與重金屬離子反應的機制    12
圖 9鈀離子經由聚苯胺處理隨時間變化之濃度    13
圖 10實驗流程圖    17
圖 11　HITACHI SU-8010 冷場發射掃瞄式電子顯微鏡    22
圖 12Quantachrome Instruments AUTOSORB-1  比表面積分析儀    25
圖 13Jasco V-670 紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜儀    26
圖 14Jasco FT-IR 4200傅立葉轉換紅外光光譜儀    27
圖 15Horiba Jobin Yvon LABRAM HR 800共軛聚焦顯微拉曼光譜儀    28
圖 16Thermo Flash 2000 元素分析儀    29
圖 17ULVAC-PHI AES-650 X射線光電子能譜儀    31
圖18Mettler-Toledo 2-HT熱分析儀    32
圖 19感應耦合電漿質譜儀構造圖    34
圖 20Agilent 7500ce　感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀    34
圖 21 聚2-氨基吡啶    38
圖 22聚2-氨基吡啶，添加劑濃度為0.01M    38
圖 23聚2-氨基吡啶，添加劑濃度為0.03M    38
圖 24聚2-氨基吡啶，添加劑濃度為0.05M    38
圖 25聚2-氨基嘧啶    39
圖 26聚2-氨基嘧啶，添加劑濃度為0.01M    39
圖 27聚2-氨基嘧啶，添加劑濃度為0.03M    39
圖 28聚2-氨基嘧啶，添加劑濃度為0.05M    39
圖 29聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪    40
圖 30聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪，添加劑濃度為0.01M    40
圖 31聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪，添加劑濃度為0.03M    40
圖 32聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪，添加劑濃度為0.05M    40
圖 33以雙氧水為氧化劑之聚苯胺    41
圖 34苯胺:2-氨基吡啶之比例為4:1之共聚物    42
圖 35苯胺:2-氨基吡啶之比例為1:1之共聚物    42
圖 36苯胺:2-氨基吡啶之比例為1:4之共聚物    42
圖 37苯胺:2-氨基嘧啶之比例為4:1之共聚物    43
圖 38苯胺:2-氨基嘧啶之比例為1:1之共聚物    43
圖 39苯胺:2-氨基嘧啶之比例為1:4之共聚物    43
圖 40苯胺: 3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之比例為4:1之共聚物    44
圖 41苯胺: 3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之比例為1:1之共聚物    44
圖 42苯胺: 3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之比例為1:4之共聚物    44
圖 43使用微波合成之聚苯胺    45
圖 44使用介面反應合成聚苯胺經過不同時間之外觀    46
圖 45使用界面合成之聚苯胺    46
圖 46添加劑濃度為0.01M之聚2-氨基吡啶    49
圖 47添加劑濃度為0.03M之聚2-氨基吡啶    49
圖 48添加劑濃度為0.05M之聚2-氨基吡啶    49
圖 49添加劑濃度為0.1M之聚2-氨基吡啶    49
圖 50不同氧化劑合成之聚苯胺    50
圖 51苯胺:2-氨基吡啶之比例為4:1之共聚物    52
圖 52苯胺:2-氨基吡啶之比例為1:1之共聚物    52
圖 53苯胺:2-氨基吡啶之比例為1:4之共聚物    52
圖 54微波合成之聚苯胺    53
圖 55苯胺、2-氨基吡啶、2-氨基嘧啶及3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪    54
圖 56聚苯胺之XPS    56
圖 57聚2-氨基吡啶之XPS    56
圖 58聚2-氨基嘧啶之XPS    57
圖 59聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之XPS    57
圖 60聚2-氨基吡啶之拉曼圖譜    59
圖 61聚2-氨基嘧啶之拉曼圖譜    59
圖 62聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之拉曼圖譜    59
圖 63聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪    60
圖 64聚苯胺於不同氧化程度之紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜    62
圖 65圖聚苯胺之紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜    62
圖 66聚2-氨基吡啶之紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜    63
圖 67聚2-氨基嘧啶之紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜    63
圖 68聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜    63
圖 69聚苯胺於氮氣及大氣環境下之熱分析圖譜    64
圖 70聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪    64
圖 71聚苯胺、聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪    66
圖 72聚苯胺、聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪    67









表目錄
表 1水中銅、鎳、鎘、鉻金屬離子經聚苯胺及其他吸附劑處理比較    13
表 2本實驗所使用之藥品    16
表 3單體、氧化劑及起始劑之濃度比    19
表 4聚苯胺、聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之元素分析    55
表 5聚苯胺、聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪之XPS元素分析    55
表 6聚苯胺、聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪對於銅離子移除之能力比較    65
表 7銅離子於不同pH值之型態與比例    66
表 8聚苯胺、聚2-氨基吡啶、聚2-氨基嘧啶及聚3-胺基-1,2,4-三嗪對於鈀離子移除之能力比較    67
表 9鈀離子於不同pH值之型態與比例    68






                                

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