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研究生： 吳婉晴
Wu, Wan-Ching
論文名稱： 中古漢語完成動詞“竟”、"訖"、"畢"之分析
An analysis of Middle Chinese VPs '竟jing', '訖qi' and '畢bi'
指導教授： 梅思德
Barbara, Meisterernst
口試委員: 劉辰生
Liu, Chen Sheng Luther
李琦
Edith, Alridge
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 人文社會學院 - 語言學研究所
Institute of Linguistics
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 89
中文關鍵詞： 中古漢語 、已竟訖畢 、佛教文本 、終止 、事件完成 、次要謂詞
外文關鍵詞： Middle Chinese, event structure, secondary predicate, endpoint, Buddhist Texts, Jiang(2001)
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    • 本文從語義和句法的角度考察了Jiang（2001）中討論的四個普通話動詞“已”，“竟”，“訖”和“畢”。這些詞彙動詞的共同點是，它們在古漢語中都帶有“終止”或“結尾”的含義。在Jiang（2001）中，作者對這四個動詞進行了簡要歸類，得出結論：“竟”，“訖”和“畢”屬於同一類，與中古漢語中的“已”不同。但是，我們對Jiang（2001）持不同意見。我們收集了中古漢語非佛教文本和中古佛教早期文本中這四個詞彙動詞的例子，並對其語義和句法進行了分析。在查看了其他佛教著作中的更多示例後，我們以Aldridge＆Meisterernst（2018）為基礎提出，它們都是具有相同特徵的質詞，並且這些質詞都代表事件的完成。我們使用Vendler的四個動詞類別狀態(State)、動作(Activity)、達成(Accomplishment)、瞬成 (Achievement)來測試這四個質詞，發現它們不可能與狀態謂語一起出現，且當它們與動態謂語一同出現時，也無法展現出整個事件已經結束。由於狀態謂詞和活動謂詞是沒有結果的，因此我們得出結論，所討論的語素“已”，“竟”，“訖”和“畢”都是表示結果的次要謂詞。

    This thesis inspects the four Mandarin verbs, “已yi ”, “竟 jing” ,“訖 qi” and“畢 bi”that are discussed in Jiang (2001) from both semantic and syntactic points of view. What these lexical verbs share in common is that they all carry the meaning of “terminate” or “end” in Late Archaic Chinese. In Jiang (2001), the author made a brief categorization of these four verbs and concluded that“竟 jing” ,“訖 qi” and “畢 bi” belong together and are different from “已yi ” during Early Middle Chinese. However, we hold a different opinion against Jiang (2001). We gather the examples of these four lexical verbs within the Early Middle Chinese non-Buddhist texts and Early Middle Chinese Buddhist texts and analyze them semantically and syntactically. After viewing more examples written in other Buddhist texts, we based our thesis on Aldridge & Meisterernst (2018) and proposed that they are all particles with the same feature and that these particles all stand for the completion of the event. We use Vendler’s four verb classes State, Activity, Accomplishment and Achievement to test these four particles and found that they are impossible to appear with stative predicates and that there is no telicity feature when these four particles appear together with activity predicates. Since stative and activity predicates are resultless, we conclude that the discussed morphemes are all secondary predicates that denote the results.

    Table of Contents 0.0 Abstract 1 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Literature Review 8 3.0 Theoretical Background and Proposal 11 3.1 The Native Development of 已yi proposed by Aldridge and Meisterernst (2018) 12 3.2 Theoretical Background Based on Aldridge and Meisterernst (2018) 12 3.3 Rothstein (2012) 19 3.4 A First-Phrase Syntax 19 3.5 Proposal 20 4.0 Data Presenting of Four Lexical Verbs 已, 竟, 訖, 畢 21 4.1 Early Middle Chinese non-Buddist Texts 22 4.1.1 已 YI 22 4.1.2 竟JING 26 4.1.3 訖QI 28 4.1.4 畢BI 29 4.2 Early Middle Chinese Buddist texts 31 4.2.1 Accomplishment 32 4.2.1.1訖QI 38 4.2.1.2竟JING 41 4.2.1.3畢BI 43 4.2.2 Achievement, State and Activity 46 4.2.2.1 Achievement 48 4.2.2.2 Activity 53 4.2.2.3 State 57 4.2.3 Other Categories or Confusing Structures 58 4.2.3.1 Coordinate 58 4.2.3.2 Confusing Interpretation 59 4.3 Summary 60 5.0 Structural Analysis 61 5.1 A First Phase Syntax 61 5.1.1 Initiation-Process verbs 64 5.1.1.1 Transitive verbs with [init, proc, PATH] 64 5.1.1.2 Intransitive verbs with [init, proc] 70 5.1.2 Initiation- process- result verbs 73 5.1.2.1 Transitive verbs with [init, process, res] 73 5.1.2.2 Intransitive verbs with [init, process, res] 73 5.1.3 Double Object Verbs 76 5.1.4 Statives verbs with [init, DP/NP] 81 5.2 Summary 83 6.0 Conclusion 85 7.0 Reference 87

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