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研究生： 陳翰文
Chen, Han-Wen
論文名稱： 模態與被動的互動：漢語「欠」字結構研究
Interaction between Modals and Passives: The Qiàn-construction in Mandarin Chinese
指導教授： 蔡維天
Tsai, Wei-Tien
口試委員: 連金發
Lien, Chin-fa
劉承賢
Lau, Seng-hian
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 人文社會學院 - 臺灣研究教師在職進修碩士學位班
Graduate Program of Taiwan Studies for In-service Teachers
論文出版年： 2022
畢業學年度： 110
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 120
中文關鍵詞： 「欠」字結構 、「被」字結構 、泛指 、傾向歸因 、模態 、被動
外文關鍵詞： qiàn, bèi, generic, disposition ascription, modal, passive
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    • 本文主要探討「欠」字結構，並主張該結構為模態與被動互動下的產物。首先，我們藉由對比漢語中典型的被動結構—「被」字結構與「欠」字結構，確認了「欠」字結構在句法、語義上的被動性質。但與「被」字結構相較，「欠」字結構在句法、語義上又展現出其獨有的特點，例如模態性、狀態性、泛指性、主語歸因性等。因此，我們將「欠」分析為評價模態成分，其補語為被動成分，兩者互動下產生了「欠」字結構。最後，我們順帶探討了同樣涉及模態與被動兩種成分交互運作的相關結構。

    The main point of the thesis is to discuss the construction-qiàn in Mandarin. It is suggested that qiàn is a product under the interaction between modals and passives. At first, we confirm that qiàn expresses passivity in syntax and semantics by comparing with bèi (canonical passive construction in Mandarin). On the other hand, qiàn manifests its specialty syntactically and semantically on modality, stativity, genericity and dispositionality ascribed to the subject. Consequently, qiàn itself is analyzed as a modal element and its complement as a passive element. The construction-qiàn is analyzed as a phenomenon under the interaction between passives and modals. At last, a uniform analysis of several constructions alike to qiàn is provided.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT II 致謝詞 III ABBREVIATION 縮略語表 V 目次 VI 第1章 前言 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 本文探討的「欠」字結構界定 3 第2章 「欠1」結構與被動 6 2.1 漢語被動文獻回顧 6 2.1.1 Huang (1999), HLL (2009) 6 2.1.2 張智鵬（2010） 9 2.1.3 Huang (2013), Huang (2014), Liu & Huang (2016), Liu (2016) 13 2.2 「欠1」結構的主句 19 2.2.1 「欠1」的句法地位 19 2.2.2 「欠1」結構的主語性質 21 2.2.3 「欠1」結構的口語性及負面語義傾向 26 2.3 「欠1」結構的子句 29 2.3.1 「欠1」結構子句的主語：長短「欠1」結構的分別 29 2.3.2 「欠1」結構子句的動詞 32 2.3.3 「欠1」結構子句的事件意義 36 2.3.4 「欠1」結構子句的未然性 38 2.3.5 「欠1」結構子句的賓語 38 2.4 「欠1」結構的生成（一） 39 第3章 「欠1」結構與模態 42 3.1 模態與被動的互動相關文獻回顧 42 3.1.1 張智鵬（2010） 42 3.1.2 Tao (2011) 44 3.1.3 Xiong (2018) 50 3.1.4 Oltra-Massuet (2014) 52 3.1.5 Moreira (2014) 54 3.2 「欠1」結構的模態語義 56 3.2.1 「欠1」結構的模態性 57 3.2.2 「欠1」結構的狀態性 59 3.2.3 「欠1」結構的泛指性 61 3.2.4 「欠1」結構的傾向歸因性 65 3.3 「欠1」結構的模態句法 66 3.3.1 模態詞「欠1」的句法地位 66 3.3.2 模態詞「欠1」的生成 71 3.4 「欠1」結構的生成（二） 74 3.4.1 「欠1」結構子句的生成 75 3.4.2 「欠1」結構主句的生成 75 3.4.3 「欠1」結構的模態與被動的句法、語義互動回顧 77 第4章 相關結構比較與分析 79 4.1 漢語 79 4.1.1 「值得」結構 79 4.1.2 「欠2」結構 84 4.1.3 「該」字結構 91 4.1.4 「應該＋被」結構 98 4.1.5 漢語相關結構小結 104 4.2 外語 104 4.2.1 英語AEP結構(Edelstein 2014) 105 4.2.2 Italo-Romance中want-passive結構(Remberger 2006) 108 4.2.3 外語相關結構小結 109 4.3 本章小結 110 第5章 結語 112 5.1 本文貢獻 112 5.2 未來探討議題 112 參考文獻 116

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