本篇論文首先回顧生物多樣性指標的建構，並針對 Jost (2008)提出之生物多樣性D 指標，引用 Nei & Chesser (1983)與 Chao et al. (2008) 的估計方法，對 D 指標進行估計與信賴區間的建構。而本文主要的研究方向是將多樣性指標估計缺失以信賴區間的方式來進行說明，並進行舊有信賴區間方法的修正。文中捨棄原本趨
近常態的假設，改以無母數分位數法來建構信賴區間，並對此方法進行微調，以符合 D 指標估計時的抽樣程序，使其更接近直觀，並利用電腦模擬試驗的方式，得到信賴區間方法之覆蓋率。在大部分的情況中，修正過後的分位數法，覆蓋率都優於趨近常態法與分位數法。在實例分析中，取用線上資料庫 ALFRED
(http://alfred.med.yale.edu) 所提供的人體在某些基因座上的等位基因相對頻率的資料，及哥斯大黎加雨林中搜集螞蟻種類方法的資料。以應用本篇論文所討論的多樣性 D 指標來比較不同的人種間，在不同染色體或不同基因座上多樣性的信賴區間；並分別比較三種蒐集螞蟻的方法，不同方法之間差異性的信賴區間。

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