本研究旨在探討國小六年級學童性別、學業成就、學業成敗歸因與A型行為之可能關係。本研究採用林一眞（民80）編製的「兒童A型量表」以及研究者自編的「學業成就歸因量表」作為調查工具，以隨機取樣的方式，抽取桃園縣六所國小六年級學生，共計34班，每班前五名（高學業成就組）、中五名（中學業成就組）、後五名（低學業成就組）學生，共510名為研究對象。並將調查所得的資料分別採用卡方百分比同質性考驗、單因子變異數分析（ANOVA）、二因子變異數分析（two-way ANOVA）、三因子變異數分析等統計方法進行考驗。
本研究的主要研究發現有：（一）男、女學童對學業成功歸因型態有顯著差異，男學童也比女學童有更明顯「時間緊迫感」；但是在學業失敗歸因型態，在A型行為特徵之「努力競爭與成就」與「攻擊性與敵意」分量表上，以及在A/B型行為組型上並無顯著性別差異存在。（二）不同學業成就學生不論在學業成功歸因型態，在學業失敗歸因型態上，在「努力競爭與成就」特徵上，以及在A/B型行為組型上都明顯不同；只有在「時間緊迫感」、「攻擊性與敵意」特徵尚未見學業成就的差異性。（三）學業成敗歸因型態與A型行為特徵存有對應關係，也與A/B型行為組型之間呈現特定對應型態。

The main purpose of this study was to explore the possible relationships among gender, academic achievement, academic attributions, and Type A Behaviors. "Type A Behavior Pattern Scale for Children" and "Academic Attribution Scale" were used as the instruments of the study. A total of 510 six-grade students were sampled from 34 classes of six elementary schools in Taoyuan. The subjects were five high achievers (Top 5 students of the class), five medium achievers (5 average level students of the class), and five low achievers (5 lowest level students of the class) from each class. The obtained data were analyzed through chi-square test, ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, three-way ANOVA.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
First, gender differences were found in academic success attribution and in “Time urgency” subscale of Type A Behaviors. Yet, no gender difference was found in academic failure attribution, in “competitiveness and achievement” subscale and “aggressiveness and hostility” subscale of Type A Behaviors, nor in Type A/B Behavior Patterns.
Second, the effect of academic achievement was obtained in academic success attribution, in academic failure attribution, in “competitiveness and achievement” subscale of Type A Behaviors, and in Type A/B Behavior Patterns. But, the effect of academic achievement was not found in “time urgency” subscale and “aggressiveness and hostility” subscale of Type A Behaviors.
Third, there were certain relationships between academic attributions and Type A Behaviors, also between academic attributions and Type A/B Behavior Patterns.

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