研究生: |
郭貞伶 Kuo,Chen-Ling |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
融合教育歷程下十二年國教課綱實施現況與挑戰: 以國小普通班教師課程調整為例 The Implementation of 12-year Education Curriculum Guide under the Process of Inclusive Education: An Example of Curriculum Adaptation with Regular Class Teachers in Elementary Schools |
指導教授: |
孔淑萱
Kung, Shu-Hsuan |
口試委員: |
黃澤洋
吳怡慧 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
竹師教育學院 - 特殊教育學系 Special Education |
論文出版年: | 2025 |
畢業學年度: | 113 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 148 |
中文關鍵詞: | 國小普通班教師 、十二年國教課綱 、融合教育 、課程調整 |
外文關鍵詞: | regular class teachers in elementary schools, Curriculum Guidelines of 12Year Basic Education, inclusive education, curriculum adaptations |
相關次數: | 點閱:1 下載:0 |
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本研究旨在探討桃竹苗地區國小普通班教師對特殊需求學生實施課程調整之現況與挑戰。採用問卷調查法並輔以半結構訪談,問卷參考十二年國民基本教育課程綱要身心障礙學生領域課程調整應用手冊(2020)及相關文獻(許惠菁,2016;張博舜,2016)編制。研究對象為桃園市、新竹市、新竹縣及苗栗縣國小普通班教師,依地區比例分配,共發放376份問卷,回收318份,有效回收率85%。以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、Scheffé法、複選題次數分配及交叉分析進行量化資料分析,並整理開放性問題與訪談資料補充量化分析。本研究的重要發現如下:
一、實施現況與相關挑戰方面,「學習內容」層面,教師願根據學生能力降低學習難度,但因時間和資源限制,替代性課程設計實施較少;「學習歷程」層面,教師積極鼓勵特殊需求學生參與課堂活動,但細分學習內容以適應學生能力的實施較少。「學習環境」層面,教師在空間限制下進行調整,需更多資源支持;「學習評量」層面,教師需在有限時間和資源下平衡評量公平性和學生需求。
二、在不同背景變項方面,31-40歲教師在「學習歷程」層面表現高於其他年齡組;教學年資11-15年的教師在「學習歷程」及「學習評量」上顯著高於16-20年以上;具特殊教育背景的教師在「學習內容」層面高於無相關特殊教育背景者;新竹市教師在「學習歷程」表現高於桃園市教師;學校規模在13-24班於「學習環境」及「學習評量」達顯著差異;教師兼行政人員在「學習環境」及「學習評量」層面均高於科任教師,普通班導師在「學習環境」層面亦高於科任教師。
三、建議方面,教師提出調整班級人數與師生比例、深化教師專業發展、提升學校行政支持、促進普通教師與特教教師合作及親師溝通的必要性之具體建議。
最終歸納本研究之結論,對教育實務以未來研究提出相關建議。
關鍵字:國小普通班教師、十二年國教課綱、融合教育、課程調整
This study aims to explore the current status and challenges faced by general education teachers in elementary schools in the Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli regions when implementing curriculum adaptations for students with special needs. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey supplemented by semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire was based on the 12-Year Basic Education Curriculum Guidelines: Application Manual for Curriculum Adaptations for Students with Disabilities (2020) and relevant literature (Hsu Hui-Ching, 2016; Chang Po-Shun, 2016). The research subjects were general education teachers from elementary schools in Taoyuan City, Hsinchu City, Hsinchu County, and Miaoli County. A total of 376 questionnaires were distributed proportionally by region, with 318 valid responses collected, resulting in an effective response rate of 85%. Quantitative data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé post-hoc tests, frequency distribution for multiple-choice questions, and cross-tabulation analysis. Open-ended responses and interview data were integrated to supplement the quantitative findings. After analyzing the data, the following key findings were identified:
1. In terms of current situation and challenges, teachers are willing to lower the difficulty of learning materials based on students' abilities. However, due to time and resource constraints, the implementation of alternative curriculum designs is relatively rare at “Learning Content”. At “Learning Process” part, teachers actively encourage students with special needs to participate in classroom activities, but there is limited implementation of tailoring learning content to suit students' individual abilities. At “Learning Environment” part, teachers make adjustments within spatial limitations but require additional resource support to enhance the learning environment. At “Learning Assessment” part, teachers face challenges in balancing fairness in assessment with meeting the needs of students, especially under limited time and resource constraints.
2. In terms of background variables, teachers aged 31–40 performed better in the “Learning process” part compared to other age groups. Teachers with 11–15 years of teaching experience performed significantly better in both the “Learning process” part and “Learning Assessment” part than those with more than 16–20 years of teaching experience. Teachers with a special education background performed better in the “Learning Content” part compared to those without such a background. Teachers in Hsinchu City performed better in the “Learning Process” part than teachers in Taoyuan City. Schools with 13–24 classes showed significant differences in the “Learning Environment” and “Learning Assessment” part. Teachers who also held administrative roles outperformed subject teachers in both the “Learning Environment” and “Learning Assessment” part. Additionally, homeroom teachers performed better than subject teachers in the “Learning Environment” part.
3. In terms of suggestions, Teachers have put forward specific suggestions, including adjusting class sizes and teacher-student ratios, enhancing professional development for teachers, increasing administrative support from schools, promoting collaboration between regular and special education teachers, and improving communication between parents and teachers.
Finally, the conclusions of this study are summarized, and relevant suggestions are made for educational authorities, schools, teachers, and future research for reference.
Keywords: regular class teachers in elementary schools, Curriculum Guidelines of 12Year Basic Education, inclusive education, curriculum adaptations
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