在CdS/Al奈米雷射系統中加入石墨烯介層來提升雷射性能

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研究生：	張哲齊 Chang, Che-Chi
論文名稱：	在CdS/Al奈米雷射系統中加入石墨烯介層來提升雷射性能 Plasmonic Enhancement in CdS/Al Nanolaser Systems by Tailoring Graphene Interlayer
指導教授：	陳力俊 Chen, Lih-Juann
口試委員:	呂明諺 Lu, Ming-Yen 吳文偉 Wu, Wen-Wei
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 材料科學工程學系 Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2023
畢業學年度：	111
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	66
中文關鍵詞：	奈米雷射、硫化鎘、石墨烯、表面等離激元
外文關鍵詞：	Nanolaser, CdS, Graphene, SPP
相關次數：	點閱：52 下載：0
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近年來，奈米雷射引起了廣泛的關注，因為相對於傳統雷射，他能夠突破繞射極限的基本物理限制。奈米雷射具有更快，更高效率的傳輸信號的優勢。奈米雷射技術的突破為積體電路整合提供了巨大的潛力，進一步增强了其應用前景。
在本實驗中，利用硫化鎘和石墨烯-絕緣層-金屬 (GIM) 组成的奈米雷射系統來激發表面電漿子-電磁極化子 (SPP) ，以達到光增強的效果。其中，硫化鎘因為低成本與方便合成的特性被選為半導體增益媒介材料，將分子束磊晶沉積的單晶鋁基板當成金屬層，並且在奈米線和氧化鋁絕緣層之間加入一層由化學氣相沉積製備的石墨烯，最後形成奈米雷射元件。
在添加石墨烯後，雷射閾值有著相當顯著的下降。結果顯示當加入一點七奈米的石墨烯後，可以得到最低的雷射閾值 (4.8 kW/cm2) ，相對於沒有添加石墨烯的系統，下降了百分之六十八。除此之外，不同厚度的石墨烯之雷射表現也在本次研究中有所討論。

Nanolasers have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their ability to overcome the diffraction limit compared to that of traditional lasers. They offer the advantage of transmitting signals in a faster and more efficient manner. The breakthroughs achieved in nanolaser technology hold great promise for integration with IC circuits, further enhancing their potential.
In the present research, we demonstrate a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) nanolaser consisting of CdS nanowires coupled with a single-crystalline aluminum (Al) film and alumina as an insulating interlayer. We then insert a graphene layer prepared by chemical vapor deposition between the nanowires and the insulating layer as a buffer layer. Finally, we create a graphene-insulating layer-metal (GIM) structured SPP laser.
The threshold value for lasing is considerably lower than the addition of other dielectric layer. We examine how varying the thickness of the graphene layer affects the performance of nanolasers. The results indicate that the inclusion of a 1.7 nm graphene layer has the lowest (4.8 kW/cm2) threshold value, which reduces the threshold value for lasing by as much as 68% compared to that without the insertion of graphene layer .The GIM structure promises to be applicable as electrical control or electrical injection of plasmonic devices.

Abstract    I
摘要    II
致謝    III
Chapter 1 Introduction    1
1       Motivation    1
2    Nanotechnology    2
2.1    One-Dimensional Nanostructures    3
2.1.1      Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Growth Mechanism    4
2.2        Two Dimensional Nanostructures    6
3    Theoretical Background of Plasmonic Nanolaser    7
3.1    Surface Plasmon Polariton    7
3.2    Surface Plasmon Polariton in Nanolasers System    10
4    CdS on Hybrid Graphene-Insulator-Metal (GIM) Nanolaser Structure    12
4.1    CdS Nanowires    13
4.2    Hybrid GIM Structures    15
4.2.1      Graphene Buffer Layer    15
4.2.2      Insulating films    17
4.2.3      Aluminum Substate for Metal Layer    17
Chapter 2 Experimental Procedures    19
1    Synthesis of CdS Nanowires    19
1.1    Preparation of Substrate    19
1.2    Horizontal Tube Furnace Growth    20
2    Transfer of CVD-Grown Graphene Layer    21
3    Epitaxial Aluminum Film Growth by Molecular Beam Epitaxy    22
4    Fabrication of CdS Nanolaser device    23
5    Scanning Electron Microscope Observation    24
6    Transmission Electron Microscope Observation    25
7    X-Ray Diffractometer Measurement    27
8    Atomic Force Microscope Observation    28
9    Micro-Raman Spectroscopy    29
10    Focused Ion Beam (FIB) System    30
11    Spectroscopic Ellipsometry    31
12    Micro-Photoluminescence (μ-PL) Measurement    32
Chapter 3 Results and Discussion    33
1    Properties and Characteristics of CdS Nanowires    33
1.1         SEM observation    33
1.2         XRD Analysis    34
1.3         EDS Analysis    35
1.4         TEM Observation    36
1.5         PL Spectrum    37
2       Hybrid Graphene-Insulator-Metal Structure    38
2.1          CVD Transferred Graphene    38
2.2          Al2O3 Insulating Layer    41
2.3         Epitaxial Aluminum Film    43
3       Lasing characteristic of CdS / Al2O3  / Al structure    44
3.1          3 nm native oxide    44
3.2          5nm Al2O3    45
4       Effects of Different Thickness of Graphene on Lasing Performance    46
4.1           0.5 nm graphene    46
4.2           1.7 nm graphene    47
4.3           2.5 nm graphene    48
5       Comparison of Different CdS Lasing System    49
6       Comparison of Stability of Nanolasers with Three Kinds of Graphene    51
7       Simulation Results    53
8       Comparison of Lasing Performance with Other Relevant Work    55
Chapter 4 Summary and Conclusions    57
Chapter 5 Future Prospects    58
1       Plasmonic Nanolaser Based on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets    58
2       Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanolaser system with different shape cavity     59
Appendix………………………………………………………………..60
References………………………………………………………………63

                                

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