摘 要
本實驗採用水溶液法之一的「直接生成法」合成氫氧化鎳粉末，藉由改變反應時間、鎳鹽種類以及添加界面活性劑等方式，得到在5 ~ 30 mm分佈範圍內6種氫氧化鎳粉末，分別為樣品A（硫酸鎳為鎳鹽；反應時間12小時）、樣品A-1（硫酸鎳為鎳鹽；反應時間12小時並老化(aging)處理）、樣品A-2（硫酸鎳為鎳鹽；反應時間2小時）、樣品A-3（硫酸鎳為鎳鹽；反應時間2小時並老化處理）、樣品B（草酸鎳為鎳鹽；反應時間12小時）以及樣品C（硫酸鎳為鎳鹽；反應時間12小時並加入界面活性劑）。經FT-IR、XRD等結構鑑定後，除樣品A-2為bbc（badly-crystallized b）結構外，其餘5種樣品均為b型態之氫氧化鎳。

由充放電的實驗可知，此5種樣品之放電電容量值均約為160 mAh/g。雖然文獻中指出粒子較小之電極有較好的電化學活性，但顆粒小則容易由極板上脫落，造成活性物質利用率下降。故樣品B雖有較小的平均粒徑，但充放電約3次後則放電電容量減少；樣品C則因添加界面活性劑使得晶粒間的阻抗增加，因此較慢才達到放電電容量值。而樣品A-2的放電電容量只有140 mAh/g左右，由交流阻抗分析及循環伏安實驗可看到其反應不易進行，推測是由於樣品A-2的結晶狀態較差，質子傳遞不易，故其放電電容量比其他組樣品小。根據此實驗結果我們發現，在5 ~ 30 mm的分佈範圍內，顆粒大小並非影響氫氧化鎳電極性能的關鍵因素，氫氧化鎳本身的結構型態才是影響其性質之主因。

另外，由熱分析實驗可知，經老化處理後得之氫氧化鎳粉末的起始分解溫度及熔點有提高的現象，表示其熱安定性較佳。且縮短反應時間為2小時並老化處理後所得的氫氧化鎳粉末，亦為b之型態，其放電電容量與反應時間12小時所得的氫氧化鎳相當。因此多了老化處理步驟，可以減少合成反應的時間，便可得到熱性質及電化學性質兼具之正極活性材料。

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