Quinone類化合物是一種普遍存在於土壤與地下水中的電子傳遞物質，其有助於電子自生物體中轉移至如四氯化碳等氯化碳氫化合物以加速其在還原環境中的降解，亦可促進從生物體中轉移之電子轉移至三價鐵氧化物，以促使三價鐵還原為二價鐵。二價鐵可吸附於三價鐵氧化物表面而形成具強還原性的表面鍵結鐵物種，以還原四氯化碳等氯化有機物。本研究之主要目的在於探討不同quinone 類化合物在鐵還原環境中對四氯化碳的降解情形及quinone濃度對水合鐵還原成二價鐵的情形。研究中也將針對quinone的添加對鐵還原菌G. sulfurreducens生長情形的影響進行探討。研究結果顯示0.2 mM 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ)或1,4-benzoquinone (BQ)的添加會抑制G. sulfurreducens的生長，但低濃度的NQ卻能促進G. sulfurreducens將水合鐵還原成Fe(II)。添加10 □M AQDS, LQ或NQ於存在G. sulfurreducens的鐵還原環境中，能達到最適當的Fe(II)濃度。相同的，在四氯化碳的還原降解過程中，添加10 □M 的AQDS, LQ或NQ於含有G. sulfurreducens的鐵還原系統也同樣的有最佳效果，顯示Fe(II) 產生濃度與四氯化碳的還原降解有相關性，其還原效能依序為AQDS>LQ>NQ，而反應速率常數則分別為未添加quinone系統的6.5，5.1及2.5倍。雖然未添加水合鐵的生物系統對四氯化碳具有降解的能力，但是添加水合鐵的系統效果更好。進一步分析各quinone化合物於G. sulfurreducens存在下的光譜變化，可推論quinone類化合物會因化學結構的不同而產生不同的活性物質以利電子傳遞；AQDS具有極低的氧化還原電位在G. sulfurreducens中會形成quinone自由基而加速水合鐵的還原及氯化有機污染物的還原降解反應，LQ則生成還原態的quinone，而NQ則不太容易還原，主要形成還原態的quinone及少量quinone自由基。本研究結果顯示，使用quinone以加速生物地質化學中鐵的還原及氯化有機物的降解是一種有效的長期污染物復育策略。

The dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by biogenic iron species produced from the reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite by Geobacter sulfurreducens in aqueous solutions containing quinone compounds as electron mediators was investigated. The use of quinone compounds in the presence of G. sulfurreducens under iron-reductive conditions can effectively dechlorinate CT. The dechlorination of CT followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the pseudo-first-order constants (kobs) for 10 □M AQDS, LQ (lawson) and NQ (naphthoquinone) were correspond to 6.5, 5.1, and 2.5 times higher than that in control systems, respectively. The dechlorination of CT was related to the ferrous concentrations produced from the dissolution of ferrihydrite by G. sulfurreducens. The dechlorination of CT was obvious when the system amended with 100 □M quinone compounds and contained no ferrihydrite in the presence of G. sulfurreducens under anaerobic conditions. Addition of ferrihydrite enhanced the efficiency and rate of CT dechlorination under iron-reducing conditions. This enhanced effect is attributed to the formation of active surface-bound iron species when ferrous adsorbed onto the surface of ferric oxides. In addition, the amendment of 10 □M AQDS, LQ, or NQ produced the highest Fe(II) concentration in the presence of G. sulfurreducens. Addition of 0.2 mM NQ and BQ into media, however, inhibited the growth of G. sulfurreducens. Spectroscopic results including EPR and UV-Vis showed that the selected quinone compounds can form various active electron mediators for electron transfer. AQDS can be reduced to semiquinone, LQ can be converted to hydroquinone, while NQ could be produced to hydroquinone and trace amounts of semiquinone in the presence of G. sulfurreducens. Results obtained show that addition of quinone compounds can enhance the ferrous production, and subsequently formed surface-bound iron species to effectively dechlorinate chlorinated hydrocarbon for long-term remediation under iron-reducing conditions.

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