5G為「中美貿易戰」的關鍵戰線，對於數位經濟及貿易的成長與發展也扮演十分重要的角色。然而，在「中美貿易戰」後，深刻體會到供應鏈的韌性是貿易正常發展的關鍵。本文從供應鏈風險管理的角度探討中美貿易戰背景下5G供應鏈中智慧財產權、資訊安全和貿易的互動關係以及智慧財產權、資訊安全所隱含之供應鏈風險及其對於供應鏈韌性之影響。並以國家角度出發，綜觀美國、中國與歐盟針對 5G供應鏈及貿易相關之重點法律與政策，藉此建構出目前關於5G科技之政策方向與法制狀況並探討其目的性，即是否達成手段所欲達成之目標？其是否擾動國家經濟與供應鏈韌性？又是否採取增強供應鏈韌性之方法？希望透過國內外文獻之蒐集回顧與分析探討、法律與政策之整理與分析比較，了解其他國家對於提升5G供應鏈韌性之看法與採取之措施，提供我國政府參考與建議，期許我國能找尋最佳之定位並建置更完善之制度規範。

US - China trade war started several years ago, and their confrontation is still gone on. While the trade war itself affects not only the trading system but also the supply chain around the world. 5G is a key front in the "US-China trade war", and it also plays a very important role in the growth and development of the digital economy and trade. However, after the "US-China trade war", it seems that the resilience of the supply chain is the key to the normal development of trade. This article explores the interaction of intellectual property, cybersecurity and trade in the 5G supply chain under the background of the US-China trade war from the perspective of supply chain risk management, as well as the supply chain risks embedded in intellectual property rights and cybersecurity and their impact on supply chain resilience. And then take a comprehensive look at recent trade laws and policies of the United States, China, and the European Union on technology and 5G supply chain from a national perspective, so as to construct the current policy direction and legal status of 5G technology, and discuss whether its means achieve the purpose and adopt methods to enhance supply chain resilience. Through the collection, review, analysis, discussion and comparison of various literature, laws and policies, we can understand the views and measures taken by other countries on improving the resilience of the 5G supply chain, and provide our government with reference and suggestions. I hope that our country can find the best positioning and establish a more comprehensive laws and policies.

參考文獻
一、 中文文獻
(一) 中文期刊、專書論文:
1. 王立達，〈從專利制度之結構特性，看中國擁有5G行動通訊標準必要專利是否影響國家安全〉，《制度觀點下的專利法與國際智慧財產權》，2022年。
2. 陳楷勛，〈簡介歐洲晶片法案計畫〉，《經貿法訊》，第297期，2022年。
3. 李昆鴻，〈由專利成長率觀點探討美國專利申請趨勢與技術發展潛力預測〉，《專利師》，第46期，2021年。
4. 孚創雲端，〈區域觀點:中國的 5G 標準必要專利布局與實力〉，《北美智權報》，第296期，2021年。
5. 張遠博，〈5G標準必要專利動態觀察〉，《產業雜誌》，第619期，2021年。
6. 顧瑩華，〈韌性供應鏈下臺灣5G產業的發展策略〉，《經濟前瞻》，第198期，第36~41頁，2021年。
7. 劉佩真，〈從全球晶片荒看臺灣半導體產業的戰略地位〉，《兩岸經貿》，第356期，第4~7頁，2021年。
8. 許祐寧，〈美國防堵華為策略之法治研析〉，《科技法律透析》，第32卷第8期，第47~72頁，2020年。
9. 莊弘鈺、鍾京洲、劉尚志，〈標準必要專利FRAND權利金計算—兼論智慧財產法院105年度民專上字第24號判決〉，《交大法學評論》，第5期，第19頁，2019年。
10. 楊智傑，〈2018年英國Unwired Planet v. Huawei案（三）：標準必要專利合理權利金的計算方法？〉，《北美智權報》第239期，2019年。
11. 朱翊瑄，〈Unwired Planet v. Huawei-英國的華為標準必要專利國際授權之爭議〉，《科技法律透析》，第31卷第9期，第25~32頁，2019年。
12. 沈宗倫，〈標準必要專利之法定授權與專利權濫用—以誠實信用原則為中心〉，《政大法學評論》，149期，2017年。

(二) 中文政府文件:
1. 經濟部智慧財產局，營業秘密保護實務教戰手冊3.0，2022年。
2. 行政院，發展5G加值應用服務—擴大臺灣核心供應鏈地位，2021年。
3. 經濟部，前瞻基礎建設計畫-數位建設: 5G 資訊安全防護系統開發計畫，2020年。
4. 中華人民共和國商務部，商务部令2020年第4号不可靠实体清单规定，2020年。
5. 中国信息通信研究院，5G愿景与需求，2014年。

(三) 中文網頁資料:
1. 唐子晴，〈TikTok海外拼圖要湊齊了？花10億美元收購後，Musical.ly徹底被合體〉，數位時代，2018年8月3日，
https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/50105/musical-ly-is-merging-with-tik-toks-short-video-platform (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
2. 賴明豐，〈全球LTE標準必要專利佈局(三)美歐中韓日廠商佈局4G-LTE標準必要專利〉，科技產資訊室，2014年12月29日，
https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=10500 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
3. 朱子亮，〈從參與標準組織到授權談判,討論『我國廠商面對專利訴訟之突圍策略』〉，科技產資訊室，2014年11月21日，
https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=10353 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
4. 朱子亮、賴明豐，〈「通訊產業專利趨勢與專利訴訟分析菁英論壇」有關4G-LTE專利佈局及5G初探〉，科技產資訊室，2014年11月20日，
https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=10348 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
5. DigiCert，〈病毒、蠕蟲與特洛伊木馬程式的不同〉，
https://www.websecurity.digicert.com/zh/tw/security-topics/difference-between-virus-worm-and-trojan-horse (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。

(四) 中文網路新聞:
1. 工商時報，產業減稅成癮怎可再加深─「台版晶片法案」應三思，2022年12月6日，
https://view.ctee.com.tw/tax/46966.html (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
2. 經濟部，行政院院會通過「產業創新條例」第 10 條之 2、第 72 條修正草案，2022年10月17日，
https://www.ey.gov.tw/File/9E2EC1398AD01E2C?A=C (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
3. 經濟日報，拜登的半導體禁令，在陸企任職的美國高管左右為難，2022年10月16日，
https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/6691397 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
4. 行政院，鞏固全球半導體產業韌性－臺灣競爭優勢與策略，2022年8月18日，
https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/448DE008087A1971/23253ede-0f97-489d-b4d9-455882732c13 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
5. 聯合報，半導體列核心關鍵技術納入國安法界定，2022年9月27日，https://udn.com/news/story/7240/6642451 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
6. 經濟日報，中國聯通被列美安全風險清單，北京不滿，2022年9月21日，
https://money.udn.com/money/story/12926/6630379?from=edn_previous_story (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
7. BBC，華為任正非稱全球經濟3至5年不會好轉，「寒氣傳遞給每一個人」，2022年8月27日，
https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/business-62686567 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
8. BBC，中國留學生：500多理工生赴美簽證被拒，美方稱只影響「極少數人」，2021年7月8日，
https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-57758480 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
9. 自由時報，中資滲透挖角半導體人才引國安疑慮 吳政忠：跨部會研議處理，2021年3月11日， https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3463579 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。
10. BBC，非洲聯盟總部驚爆中國網絡竊取資料疑雲，2018年1月29日https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-42867642 (最後瀏覽日：2023年1月11日)。

二、 英文文獻
(一) 英文期刊、專書論文:
1. Alexandre Dolgui & Dmitry Ivanov, 5G in digital supply chain and operations management: fostering flexibility, end-to-end connectivity and real-time visibility through internet-of-everything, International Journal of Production Research, 60:2, 442-451 (2022).
2. David J. Kappos, Comparing the strength of SEP patents portfolios: Leadership intelligence for the intelligence community, Journal of National Security Law & Policy, 12, 193 (2022).
3. F. Benguria, J. Choi & D.L. Swenson, et al., Anxiety or pain? The impact of tariffs and uncertainty on Chinese firms in the trade war, Journal of International Economics (2022),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2022.103608
4. Jonathan Stroud & Levi Lall, Paper of record, Modernizing ownership disclosures for U.S. patent, West Virginia Law Review, 124, 449 (2022).
5. Yongai Jin, Shawn Dorius & Yu Xie, Americans’ Attitudes toward the US—China Trade War, Journal of Contemporary China, 31:133, 17-37 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2021.1926089
6. A. Yeboah-Ofori et al., Cyber Threat Predictive Analytics for Improving Cyber Supply Chain Security, IEEE Access, Volume 9 (2021).
7. Bowman Heiden, Jorge Padilla & Ruud Peters, The value of standard essential patents and the level of licensing, AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 49, 1 (2021).
8. Chien-Huei Wu, Export Restrictions in the Global Supply Chain, Investment and Competition, Cambridge University Press (2021).
9. David W. Opderbeck, Huawei, internet governance, and IEEPA reform, Ohio Northern University Law Review, 47, 165 (2021).
10. David A. Gantz, North America’s shifting supply chains: USMCA, Covid-19, and the U.S.-China trade war, International Lawyer, 54, 121 (2021).
11. Fajgelbaum PD & Khandelwal AK, The Economic Impacts of the Trade War, Annu. Rev. Econ. 3: Submitted (2021).
12. James M. Cooper, Games without frontiers: The increasing importance of intellectual property rights in the People’s Republic of China, Wake Forest Journal of Business and Intellectual Property Law, 22, 43 (2021).
13. John Jay Jurata, Jr. & Emily N. Luken, Glory days: Do the anticompetitive risks of standards-essential patent pools outweigh their procompetitive benefits, San Diego Law Review, 58, 417 (2021).
14. Kenny Mok, In Defense of 5G: National Security and Patent Rights Under the Public Interest Factors, The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 88, No. 8, pp. 1971-2012 (2021).
15. Kimberly A. Houser & Anjanette H. Raymond, It is time to move beyond the ‘AI race’ narrative: Why investment and international cooperation must win the day, Northwestern Journal of Technology & Intellectual Property, 18, 129 (2021).
16. Yuhan Zhang Mellinger, Tiktokers caught in the crossfire of the U.S.-China technology war: Analyzing the history & implications of Chinese technology bans on U.S. domestic expression and access to communications, Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy, 11, 689 (2021).
17. Kirsten S. Lowell, The new “arms” race: How the U.S. and China are using government authorities in the race to control 5G wearable technology, George Mason International Law Journal, 12, 75 (2021).
18. Zachary E. Redman, Esq. & Bethany Rudd Sanchez, Esq., Government authority and wireless telecommunications facilities, Nevada Lawyer, 29, 12 (2021).
19. Ari K. Bental, Judge, jury, and executioner: Why private parties have standing to challenge an executive order that prohibits ICTs transactions with foreign adversaries, American University Law Review, 69, 1883 (2020).
20. Andy Purdy, Vladimir M. Yordanov & Yair Kler, Don’t Trust Anyone, The ABCs of Building Resilient Telecommunications Networks, PRISM, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 114-129 (2020).
21. Anne Layne-Farrar & Richard J. Stark, License to all or access to all? A law and economics assessment of standard development organizations’ licensing rules, George Washington Law Review, 88, 1307 (2020).
22. Chi Hung Kwan, The China–US Trade War: Deep-Rooted Causes, Shifting Focus and Uncertain Prospects, Asian Economic Policy Review, 15, 55–72 (2020).
23. Daniel F. Spulber, Licensing standard essential patents with FRAND commitments: Preparing for 5G mobile telecommunications, Colorado Technology Law Journal, 18, 79 (2020).
24. Eric Stasik & David L. Cohen, Royalty rates and licensing strategies for essential patents on 5G telecommunication standards: What to expect, les Nouvelles, 55, 176, (2020).
25. Heath P. Tarbert, Modernizing CFIUS, George Washington Law Review, 88, 1477 (2020).
26. J. Benton Heath, Trade and security among the ruins, Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 30, 223 (2020).
27. J. Russell Blakey, The Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act; The double-edged sword of U.S. foreign investment regulations, Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, 53, 981 (2020).
28. Jeanne Suchodolski, Suzanne Harrison & Bowman Heiden, Innovation warfare, North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, 22, 175 (2020).
29. Ken Itakura, Evaluating the Impact of the US–China Trade War, Asian Economic Policy Review, 15, 77–93 (2020).
30. Olia Kanevskaia, Governance of ICT standardization: Due process in technocratic decision-making, North Carolina Journal of International Law, 45, 549 (2020).
31. Shujiro Urata, US–Japan Trade Frictions: The Past, the Present, and Implications for the US–China Trade War, Asian Economic Policy Review, 15, 141–159 (2020).
32. Troy Stangarone, Rather Than COVID-19, is the US-China Trade War the Real Threat to Global Supply Chains, East Asian Policy, 12:5-18 (2020).
33. Willy Shih, Is It Time to Rethink Globalized Supply Chains, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan Management Review, #61413 (2020), available at：https://mitsmr.com/2UhGemT.
34. Andrew Thompson, The committee on foreign investment in the United States: An analysis of the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018, Journal of High Technology Law, 19, 361 (2019).
35. Jason Jacobs, Tiptoeing the line between national security and protectionism: A comparative approach to foreign direct investment screening in the United States and European Union, International Journal of Legal Information, 47, 105 (2019).
36. Jonathan M. Barnett, Antitrust overreach: undoing cooperative standardization in the digital economy, Michigan Technology Law Review, 25, 163 (2019).
37. Jayden R. Barrington, CFIUS Reform: FEAR and FIRRMA, an inefficient and insufficient expansion of foreign direct investment oversight, Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law, 21, 77 (2019).
38. Mark A. Lemley and Timothy Simcoe, How Essential Are Standard-Essential Patents, 104 Cornell L. Rev. 607 (2019)
39. Ruben Cano Perez, Non-discrimination under FRAND commitment: One size fits all, or does not fit at all, Les Nouvelles, 54, 257 (2019).
40. Timothy J. Pettit, Keely L. Croxton & Joseph Fiksel, The Evolution of Resilience in Supply Chain Management: A Retrospective on Ensuring Supply Chain Resilience, Journal of Business Logistics, 40(1): 56–65 (2019).
41. William M. Lawrence & Matthew W. Barnes, 5G mobile broadband technology—America’s legal strategy to facilitate its continuing global superiority of wireless technology, Intellectual Property & Technology Law Journal, 31 No. 5, 3 (2019).
42. Branislav Hazucha, International harmonization with regulatory competition: A case of intellectual property law, Cover Governing Science and Technology under the International Economic Order Governing Science and Technology under the International Economic Order, 298–317 (2018)
43. Yuhan Zhang, The US–China Trade War: A Political and Economic Analysis, Indian Journal of Asian Affairs, Vol. 31, No. 1/2, 53-74 (2018).
44. Eli Greenbaum, 5G, Standard-Setting, and National Security, Harvard Law School National Security Journal (2018).
45. Eli Greenbaum, Nondiscrimination in 5G standards, Notre Dame Law Review Online, 94, 55 (2018).
46. João Pires Ribeiro, Ana Barbosa-Povoa, Supply Chain Resilience: Definitions and quantitative modelling approaches—A literature review, Computers & Industrial Engineering 115, 109–122 (2018).
47. M. Kamalahmadi & M.M. Parast, A review of the literature on the principles of enterprise and supply chain resilience: Major findings and directions for future research, International Journal of Production Economics, 171, 116–133 (2016).
48. Maureen Wallace, Mitigating cyber risk in IT supply chains, Global Business Law Review, 6, 1 (2016).
49. Benjamin R. Tukamuhabwa, Mark Stevenson, Jerry Busby & Marta Zorzini, Supply chain resilience: definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study, International Journal of Production Research, 53:18, 5592-5623 (2015).
50. Emma Brandon-Jones et.al, A contingent resource-based perspective of supply chain resilience and robustness, Journal of Supply Chain Management, Volume 50, Number 3, 55-73 (2014).
51. Branislav Hazucha, Technical barriers to trade in information and communication technologies, Chapter 15 in Research Handbook on the WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade, pp 525-565 (2013).
52. Timothy J. Pettit, Keely L. Croxton & Joseph Fiksel, Ensuring Supply Chain Resilience: Development and Implementation of an Assessment Tool, Journal of Business Logistics, 34(1): 46–76 (2013).
53. Timothy J. Pettit, Keely L. Croxton & Joseph Fiksel, Ensuring Supply Chain Resilience: Development of A Conceptual Framework, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 31, No. 1 (2010).
54. Serhiy Y. Ponomarov & Mary C. Holcomb, Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience, The International Journal of Logistics Management Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 124-143 (2009)
55. Martin Christopher, Building the Resilient Supply Chain, The International Journal of Logistics Management (2004).

(二) 英文政府文件:
1. Department of Defense, Securing Defense-Critical Supply Chains (2022).
2. EU Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: A Chips Act for Europe (2022).
3. USPTO, Patenting activity by companies developing 5G (2022).
4. The White House, Building Resilient Supply Chains, Revitalizing American Manufacturing, and Fostering Broad-Based Growth, 100-Day Reviews underExecutive Order 14017 (2021).
5. USPTO, Draft Policy Statement on Licensing Negotiations and Remedies for Standards-Essential Patents Subject to F/RAND Commitments (2021).
6. The Wight House, National Strategy to Secure 5G of the United States of America (2020).
7. NIS Cooperation Group, Cybersecurity of 5G networks EU Toolbox of risk mitigating Measures (2020).
8. USTR, United States-China phase one trade agreement (2020)
9. Department of Justice, Chinese Telecommunications Conglomerate Huawei and Subsidiaries Charged in Racketeering Conspiracy and Conspiracy to Steal Trade Secrets (2020).
10. EU Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/534 of 26 March 2019 Cybersecurity of 5G networks, Official Journal of the European Union (2019).
11. USPTO, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office releases policy statement on standards-essential patents subject to voluntary F/RAND commitments (2019).
12. USTR, Report on China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation (2018).
13. The Wight House, National Cyber Strategy of the United States of America (2018).
14. US Department of States, The Clean Network (2017).

(三) 國際組織報告、文章:
1. Alexandra Bruer & Doug Brake, Mapping the International 5G Standards Landscape and How It Impacts U.S. Strategy and Policy., Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, ITIF (2021).
2. WIPO, World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 (2021).
3. ETSI, IPR Policy (2021).
4. Tim Pohlmann & Magnus Buggenhagen, Who leads the 5G patentuspto race November 2021?, IPlytics (2021).
5. IEEE, Security and Privacy Aspects in 5G Networks (2020).
6. Meeting the China Challenge: A New American Strategy for Technology Competition, The UC San Diego 21st Century China Center, the Working Group on Science and Technology in U.S.-China Relations (2020).
7. David Soldani, 5G and the Future of Security in ICT., 29th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ITNAC (2019).
8. Interos Solutions, Inc., Supply Chain Vulnerabilities from China in U.S. Federal Information and Communications Technology (2018).

(四) 英文網頁資料:
1. Jatin Singla, 5G Standard Essential Patents (SEPs), Copperpod IP (2022), available at:
https://www.copperpodip.com/post/5g-standard-essential-patents-seps-all-you-need-to-know#viewer-co0n3, last visited 1/11/2023.
2. Rainer Schuster, Gaurav Nath, Pepe Rodriguez, Chrissy O’Brien, Ben Aylor, Boris Sidopoulos, Daniel Weise, and Bitan Datta, Real-World Supply Chain Resilience, Boston Consulting Group (2021), available at:
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2021/building-resilience-strategies-to-improve-supply-chain-resilience, last visited 1/11/2023.
3. Timothy Syrett, The SSPPU is the Appropriate Royalty Base for FRAND Royalties for Cellular SEPs, IPWatchdog (2021), available at: https://ipwatchdog.com/2021/05/11/ssppu-appropriate-royalty-base-frand-royalties-cellular-seps/id=133403/, last visited 1/11/2023.
4. Connor Craven, 5G Security Standards: What Are They? (2020), available at:
https://www.sdxcentral.com/security/definitions/data-security-regulations/5g-security-standards/, last visited 1/11/2023.
5. Copperpod, Calculating Damages During SEP Litigation, Copperpod IP (2020), available at:
https://www.copperpodip.com/post/calculating-damages-during-sep-litigation, last visited 1/11/2023.
6. Kamaldeep Singh, Calculating Damages During Patent Litigation, Copperpod IP (2020), available at:
https://www.copperpodip.com/post/2020/03/18/calculating-damages-during-patent-litigation, last visited 1/11/2023.
7. Jiann-Chyuan Wang, The Economic Impact Analysis of US-China Trade War, Working Paper Series Vol. 2020-11 (2020), available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/agi/wpaper/00000175.html, last visited 1/11/2023.
8. Joshua P. Meltzer, Cybersecurity, digital trade, and data flows Re-thinking a role for international trade rules, Global Economy & Development Working Paper 132 (2020), available at:
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3595175, last visited 1/11/2023.
9. Jeannette L. Chu, Export Controls - Intersections or Collisions, PWC (2019).
10. James Andrew Lewis, 5G: The Impact on National Security, Intellectual Property, and Competition, Center for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS (2019), available at:
https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Lewis%20Testimony1.pdf, last visited 1/11/2023.
11. Security Tip (ST18-004) Protecting Against Malicious Code, CISA (2019), available at: https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/tips/ST18-271, last visited 1/11/2023.
12. Peter Harrell, 5G: National Security Concerns, Intellectual Property Issues, and the Impact on Competition and Innovation, Energy, Economics, and Security Program, Center for a New American Security (2019), available at: https://www.cnas.org/publications/congressional-testimony/5g-national-security-concerns-intellectual-property-issues-and-the-impact-on-competition-and-innovation, last visited 1/11/2023.
13. Jan-Peter Kleinhans, 5G vs. National Security – A European Perspective, SNV (2019), available at:
https://www.stiftung-nv.de/sites/default/files/5g_vs._national_security.pdf, last visited 1/11/2023.
14. Graham Allison, The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War? The Atlantic, available at:
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/united-states-china-war-thucydides-trap/406756/, last visited 1/11/2023.

(五) 英文網路新聞:
1. The Washington Post (11/12/2022), “U.S.-China rivalry risks splintering global economy, IMF chief warns”, available at:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/11/12/us-china-rivalry-risks-splintering-global-economy-imf-chief-warns/, last visited 1/11/2023.
2. The Washington Post (10/24/2022), “DOJ accuses 10 Chinese spies and government officials of ‘malign schemes’”, available at:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/10/24/justice-china-telecom-giant-spy-investigation/, last visited 1/11/2023.
3. Reuters (10/18/2022), “Restricting exports of sensitive technology to China”, available at:
https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/restricting-exports-sensitive-technology-china-2022-10-17/, last visited 1/11/2023.
4. The White House (08/25/2022), “Executive Order on the Implementation of the CHIPS Act of 2022”, available at:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/08/25/executive-order-on-the-implementation-of-the-chips-act-of-2022/, last visited 1/11/2023.
5. The White House (08/09/2022), “FACT SHEET: CHIPS and Science Act Will Lower Costs, Create Jobs, Strengthen Supply Chains, and Counter China”, available at:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/09/fact-sheet-chips-and-science-act-will-lower-costs-create-jobs-strengthen-supply-chains-and-counter-china/, last visited 1/11/2023.
6. European Commission (02/08/2022), “Digital sovereignty: Commission proposes Chips Act to confront semiconductor shortages and strengthen Europe's technological leadership”, available at:
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_729, last visited 1/11/2023.
7. EE Times Europe (03/15/2022), “EU’s Resilience Act”, available at: https://www.eetimes.eu/eus-resilience-act/, last visited 1/11/2023.
8. The New York Times (02/13/2022), “U.S. Charges Huawei with Racketeering, Adding pressure on China”, available at:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/13/technology/huawei-racketeering-wire-fraud.html, last visited 1/11/2023.
9. CNBC (02/11/2022), “Europe wants to become a leader in chips. But it’s going to need help”, available at:
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/11/eu-chips-act-europe-will-need-help-from-us-asia-to-achieve-goals.html, last visited 1/11/2023.
10. Financial Times (02/07/2022), “African Union accuses China of hacking headquarters”, available at:
https://www.ft.com/content/c26a9214-04f2-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5, last visited 1/11/2023.
11. Asia Times (02/10/2022), “Who’s to blame for ‘phase one’ trade deal failure?”, available at:
https://asiatimes.com/2022/02/whos-to-blame-for-phase-one-trade-deal-failure/, last visited 1/11/2023.
12. Financial Times (02/07/2022), “China, US and Europe vie to set 5G standards”, available at:
https://www.ft.com/content/0566d63d-5ec2-42b6-acf8-2c84606ef5cf, last visited 1/11/2023.
13. BBC (09/25/2021), “Huawei executive Meng Wanzhou freed by Canada arrives home in China”, available at:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58690974, last visited 1/11/2023.
14. IAM (11/03/2021), “Who leads the 5G patent race as 2021 draws to the end?”, available at:
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=c06d3a26-479f-489c-961b-0950005407e1, last visited 1/11/2023.
15. BCG (07/29/2021), “Real-World Supply Chain Resilience”, available at: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2021/building-resilience-strategies-to-improve-supply-chain-resilience, last visited 1/11/2023.
16. The White House (07/19/2021), “The United States, Joined by Allies and Partners, Attributes Malicious Cyber Activity and Irresponsible State Behavior to the People’s Republic of China”, available at:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/19/the-united-states-joined-by-allies-and-partners-attributes-malicious-cyber-activity-and-irresponsible-state-behavior-to-the-peoples-republic-of-china/, last visited 1/11/2023.
17. Barron’s (06/01/2021), “The Intense Cyber Struggle over Intellectual Property Threatens the Global Order”, available at:
https://www.barrons.com/articles/the-intense-cyber-struggle-over-intellectual-property-threatens-the-global-order-51622565452, last visited 1/11/2023.
18. EURACTIV (05/19/2021), “EU countries keep different approaches to Huawei on 5G rollout”, available at:
https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/eu-countries-keep-different-approaches-to-huawei-on-5g-rollout/, last visited 1/11/2023.
19. BBC (05/17/2021), “Why is Huawei still in the UK?”, available at:
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57146140, last visited 1/11/2023.
20. Reuters (04/12/2021), “China extends crackdown on Jack Ma’s empire with enforced revamp of Ant Group”, available at:
https://www.reuters.com/business/chinas-ant-group-become-financial-holding-company-central-bank-2021-04-12/, last visited 1/11/2023.
21. Reuters (12/11/2020), “Timeline: Tension between China and Australia over commodities trade”, available at:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-trade-china-commodities-tim-idUSKBN28L0D8, last visited 1/11/2023.
22. Reuters (09/20/2020), “China does not have a timetable for 'unreliable entities list'”, available at:
https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-trade-china-entities-idUSKCN26B068, last visited 1/11/2023.
23. BBC (07/14/2020), “Huawei 5G kit must be removed from UK by 2027”, available at:
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-53403793, last visited 1/11/2023.
24. The Wall Street Journal (12/25/2019), “State Support Helped Fuel Huawei’s Global Rise”, available at:
https://www.wsj.com/articles/state-support-helped-fuel-huaweis-global-rise-11577280736, last visited 1/11/2023.
25. CNBC (09/23/2019), “Chinese theft of trade secrets on the rise, the US Justice Department warns”, available at:
https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/23/chinese-theft-of-trade-secrets-is-on-the-rise-us-doj-warns.html, last visited 1/11/2023.
26. Lawfare (07/12/2019), “Do Patents Protect National Security?”, available at: https://www.lawfareblog.com/do-patents-protect-national-security, last visited 1/11/2023.
27. Times (06/03/2019), “Trump's Trade War Targets Chinese Students at Elite U.S. Schools”, available at:
https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/, last visited 1/11/2023.
28. European Commission (03/26/2019), “European Commission recommends common EU approach to the security of 5G networks”, available at:
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/european-commission-recommends-common-eu-approach-security-5g-networks, last visited 1/11/2023.