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研究生： 鄭博升
Cheng, Po-Shen
論文名稱： 三維脈衝式熱管熱交換器性能測試與熱流現象的可視化研究
Performance Investigations for 3D Fin-and-Tube Pulsating Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger and Flow Pattern Analysis with Detailed Visualization Experiments
指導教授： 王訓忠
Wong, Shwin-Chung
口試委員: 許文震
Sheu, Wen-Jenn
李明蒼
Lee, Ming-Tsang
吳世國
Wu, Shih-Kuo
簡國祥
Chien, Kuo-Hsiang
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工學院 - 動力機械工程學系
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2024
畢業學年度： 113
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 189
中文關鍵詞： 廢熱回收 、脈衝式熱管 、熱管熱交換器
外文關鍵詞： waste heat recovery, pulsating heat pipe, heat pipe heat exchanger
相關次數： 點閱：55  下載：3 
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    • 本研究開發了一種新型脈衝式熱管熱交換器，用於廢熱回收系統，該系統可直接將現有商用鰭管式熱交換器改裝使用，具有低製造成本且結構簡單，並可安裝於系統的熱交換段，作為冷、熱空氣之間的主要熱交換媒介。為了探討熱管內部實際工作流體的熱流現象，本研究根據脈衝式熱管熱交換器的幾何配置，設計了三種不同的玻璃閉迴路脈衝式熱管進行可視化研究，分別為：內徑6 mm的無插板模組、內部插入1 mm厚隔板的平板模組，及雙層立體模組。在無插板模組中，使用水與乙醇作為工作流體，研究結果顯示，這兩種流體在如此管徑下竟能在垂直方向啟動脈衝現象，並意外打破學界普遍認為的Bo數限制。在不同表面張力的作用下，這兩種流體展現出截然不同的熱傳行為。對於內插平板模組，隔板在熱管流道內形成四個角落，這些角落在垂直角度下會加速液柱在蒸發段和冷凝段之間的來回移動，降低啟動脈衝現象的門檻，甚至有助於啟動並穩定水平脈衝現象。在雙層立體模組中，這種多層結構能確保下層熱管在水平角度下始終保有工作流體，並呈現穩定的跨層脈衝式流動行為。脈衝式熱管的可視化研究，將所測得的蒸發段和冷凝段溫度變化與可見的工作流體流動行為相結合，對掌握實際脈衝式熱管熱交換器內部的熱傳行為具有重要參考價值。該廢熱回收系統最多可容納三組脈衝式熱管熱交換器單元，實測結果顯示，在水平角度、使用甲醇的情況下，最大熱交換效率可達0.62。由於甲醇相較於水具有更輕的質量和更低的黏度，儘管其潛熱比水低2.2倍，熱傳導係數也比水低3.51至3.64倍，但甲醇的液柱在蒸發段和冷凝段之間的移動更為迅速，且流阻較低，最終使得熱傳效果更加優異。

    A novel, robust, high-performance, simple-constructed triple-layered fin-and-tube pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger (PHPHX) for air-to-air waste heat recovery is fabricated by modifying a commercial product. Three types of glass closed loop PHPs (CLPHPs) are constructed as simplified reproductions for the actual PHPHX unit to carefully investigate the flow characteristics, i.e., non-boarded CLPHP with an inner diameter (ID) of 6 mm, boarded CLPHP inserted with a 1 mm-thick dividing board for the straight section of each tube, and double-layered CLPHP with two tube layers. In the non-boarded CLPHP, water and ethanol as the working fluid are investigated. Two distinct types of heat transfer mode are observed, which are mainly attributed to the effect of surface tension. Both working fluids break the widely spread saying of a limiting Bo, with pulsation activated under the vertical orientation. A horizontal thermosyphon mode is first observed even for ethanol and is recommended for applications due to its leading thermal performance. In the boarded CLPHP, the four longitudinal corners generated by the dividing board accelerate the drain down of the liquid slugs, prompt the threshold of pulsation, even help activate the horizontal pulsation. In the double-layered CLPHP, the horizontal operation is specifically focused on. The pulsation has been proved to not only be activated but maintain stable with the double-layered structure, even for a large-ID design. In general, the measured Te and Tc variations synchronize with the visible flow behavior and be helpful for the realization of the heat transfer phenomena in actual PHPHX systems. The system can accommodate up to three sets of PHPHX units, and the maximum heat-exchanger efficiency is found up to 0.62 with methanol for the filling ratio of 35% under the horizontal orientation. The smooth movement of methanol liquid slugs due to its lighter weight and lower viscosity, surprisingly achieve more heat delivery even with a 2.2 times lower latent heat and a 3.51–3.64 times lower thermal conductivity than water.

    Abstract ii List of Tables vii List of Illustrations viii List of Symbols xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Research Background 1 1.2 Introduction to Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) 2 1.2.1 Definition of PHP 2 1.2.2 Activation of pulsation motion 4 1.2.3 Movement of liquid slug in the PHP 6 1.2.4 Thermal performance enhancement through configurative modification 7 1.2.5 Visualization of PHP 10 1.2.6 Operation under the horizontal orientation 11 1.2.7 Stereoscopic PHP with novel designs 17 1.3 The Application of PHP 21 1.3.1 Pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger (PHPHX) 21 1.3.2 Previous PHPHX research 23 1.4 Purposes of This Work 25 CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 28 2.1 The Visualization System 28 2.1.1 Non-boarded CLPHP 31 2.1.2 Boarded CLPHP 33 2.1.3 Double-layered CLPHP 35 2.1.4 Thermocouple positions 36 2.1.5 Experimental Procedure 37 2.1.6 Data Reduction 38 2.2 The Waste Heat Recovery System 39 2.2.1 The PHPHX system 39 2.2.2 The PHPHX unit 42 2.2.3 Thermocouple positions 44 2.2.4 Experimental Procedure 45 2.2.5 Data Reduction 45 CHAPTER 3 NON-BOARDED WATER CLPHP VISUALIZATION 47 3.1 General Observation 47 3.2 Flow Pattern during the Start-up Period 51 3.3 Flow Pattern during the Operation Period 54 3.4 Analysis on the Proportion of the Thin Liquid Film State 63 3.5 Comparison with 3 mm-ID CLPHP 65 CHAPTER 4 NON-BOARDED ETHANOL CLPHP VISUALIZATION 72 4.1 The Vertical Orientation 72 4.1.1 General observation 72 4.1.2 Flow pattern analysis 76 4.2 General Observation under Horizontal Orientation 79 4.2.1 The state of working fluid under horizontal orientation 79 4.2.2 General observation 80 4.2.3 Flow pattern analysis 83 4.3 The Effect of Filling Ratio 88 4.3.1 The vertical orientation 88 4.3.2 The horizontal orientation 91 4.4 The Effect of Inclination Angle 93 4.5 Comparison between Ethanol and Water 96 CHAPTER 5 BOARDED WATER CLPHP VISUALIZATION 98 5.1 General Observation under the Vertical Orientation 98 5.2 Flow Pattern during the Start-Up Period 102 5.3 Flow Pattern during the Operation Period 106 5.4 The Flow Pattern without Leakage 109 5.5 The Pulsation Motion under Horizontal Orientation 114 5.5.1 The final distribution of liquid slug trains during the initial heating period 115 5.5.2 The heat transfer mechanism in the boarded and the non-boarded water CLPHPs under the horizontal orientation 118 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE-LAYERED WATER CLPHP VISUALIZATION 123 6.1 The Vertical Orientation 123 6.1.1 General observation 123 6.1.2 Flow pattern during the start-up period 126 6.1.3 Flow pattern during the operation period 127 6.2 The Horizontal Orientation 129 6.2.1 General observation 129 6.2.2 Flow pattern analysis 133 6.3 Comparison for Heat Transfer Performance of a Single- or Double-Layered CLPHP 136 6.4 Heat Transfer Performance under Vertical or Horizontal Orientation 138 CHAPTER 7 PHPHX SYSTEM FOR WASTE HEAT RECOVERY 141 7.1 Water as Working Fluid 143 7.1.1 Under the vertical orientation 145 7.1.2 Under the horizontal orientation 146 7.2 Methanol as Working Fluid 148 7.2.1 Under the vertical orientation 150 7.2.2 Under the horizontal orientation 151 7.3 The Effect of Filling Ratio and Orientation 152 7.4 The Effect of Multi-Layered Structure 155 7.5 The Maximum Performance for the PHPHX System 158 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS 161 BIBLIOGRAPHY 168 APPENDIX: HEAT LOSS IN THE EVAPORATOR DURING VISUALIZATION 183

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