In recent years, many researchers have been devoted to developing conducting systems for manipulating music. However, few have emphasized the issue of volume control. In this paper, we propose an effective approach to adjust music volume based on volume adjustment messages from real conductors. This method can work in different types of conducting patterns and without prior training. Our experimental results show that 75.50 % of participants are satisfied with the prototype system, indicated by an average satisfaction point rating of 3.775 out of 5.

近年來有不少研究學者投入互動式指揮系統的發展，藉此讓使用者可以節省長時間的學習或人力上的配合，更快、更方便地學習指揮。甚至連家用遊樂器都提供了類似的娛樂遊戲，讓人可以更容易地與音樂互動。

然而在過去的研究當中，並沒有太多的研究投入在音量的控制上，一來因為音量的滿意取決於指揮本身的主觀，再者音量控制的指示方式也因人而異，沒有統一標準的答案。因此，過去沒有太多的研究著墨於此，反而較多專注在節奏、速度的研究上。

在此份研究中，我們試著提出一種音量的控制方法。希望藉由擷取指揮動作的訊息，可以找出指揮對音量所做的指示。進而調整音量改變。所提出的方法也要能套用在多種的指揮拍型上，讓我們所設計的系統不需要事前的測試，就可以直接應用。

對於方法的驗證方面，我們採用了職業指揮家的指揮資料驗證，以及一般使用者的使用滿意調查。結果顯示，無論是哪一種的測試，我們的方法都可以讓使用者自由、容易地控制並改變音量，達成我們原本的目標。

[1] G. Bertini and P. Carosi. The light baton: a system for conducting computer music performance.
In Inproceeding of International Computer Music Conference, pages 73–76, San
Jose,California,USA, 1992.
[2] J. Borchers, E. Lee, W. Samminger, and M. M‥uhlh‥auser. Personal orchestra: a real-time
audio/video system for interactive conducting. Multimedia Syst., 9(6):594–594, 2004.
[3] I. Brace. Questionnaire Design: How to Plan, Structure and Write Survey Material for Effective
Market Research. Kogan Page, 2004.
[4] E. Lee, I. Gr‥ull, H. Kiel, and J. Borchers. conga: a framework for adaptive conducting gesture
analysis. In NIME ’06: Proceedings of the 2006 conference on New interfaces for musical
expression, pages 260–265, Paris, France, France, 2006. IRCAM—Centre Pompidou.
[5] E. Lee, T. M. Nakra, and J. Borchers. You’re the conductor: A realistic interactive conducting
system for children. In NIME, pages 68–73, 2004.
[6] T. Marrin. Possibilities for the digital baton as a general-purpose gestural interface. In CHI
Extended Abstracts, pages 311–312, 1997.
[7] M. V. Mathews and J. R. Pierce, editors. Current directions in computer music research. MIT
Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1989.
[8] D. Murphy, T. H. Andersen, and K. Jensen. Conducting audio files via computer vision. In
Gesture Workshop, pages 529–540, 2003.
[9] T. M. Nakra. Inside the conductor’s jacket: Analysis, interpretation and musical synthesis of
expressive gesture. In PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.
[10] J. Segen, J. Gluckman, and S. Kumar. Visual interface for conducting virtual orchestra. In
ICPR ’00: Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, page 1276,
Washington, DC, USA, 2000. IEEE Computer Society.
[11] S. Sudman and N. M. Bradburn. Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to Questionnaire
Design. Jossey-Bass, 1982.
27