摘要
本論文採取半經驗法研究台灣一般建材的天然放射性核種活度。半經驗法是以模擬搭配測量來完成實驗數據的取得。電腦模擬可以取代傳統量測，定出延展性射源的偵檢效率，而且準確度並不亞於傳統測量方法。故本研究採用半經驗法，搭配實驗與模擬量測建材的放射性核種濃度。量測用的偵檢器選用高解析度的高純鍺(HPGe)。模擬用的計算工具使用以Monte Carlo為基礎所開發的電腦程式。

本研究測量的範圍包括混凝土、水泥、玻璃、紅磚、木板等建材。混凝土、水泥、玻璃圍幕為國內新式建築物的主體及裝飾建材；紅磚與木材為較早期建築物的主體及裝飾建材。國內對於以上所述建材的天然放射性至今尚無完整調查研究。究其原因，應是一般建材材質形狀差異大、樣品處理、偵測效率測定過於耗時費事之故。本論文的目的是希望克服上述困難，從事國內一般建材的天然放射性核種濃度測量研究，給予相關管制單位及一般民眾評估參考。

Abstract
This thesis investigates natural radioactivity of building materials in Taiwan with semi-empirical approach. Semi-empirical approach refers to detector measurement integrated with computer simulation. As computer simulation defines the detective efficiency of extensive sources no less accurate than detector measurement, this research uses computer simulation in combination with detector measurement to investigate natural radioactivity of building materials. For computer simulation, programs are developed based on Monte Carlo method. For detector, HPGe is chosen for its high resolution.

Building materials sampled in this research include concrete, cement, glass, bricks and woods. Concrete, cement, and glass make up columns and walls in modern Taiwanese buildings, while bricks and woods consist of early Taiwanese houses. Few researches have been done on the radiation of these materials, due to their great variations in properties and sizes, which make it almost impossible to sample and test. The purpose of this thesis, despite the difficulties mentioned above, is to study the radioactivity of these common building materials, providing statistics for regulation institution and general public.

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