伴隨工具機產業的發展，產品所要求之製造精度標準不斷提高。工具機夾具對整體產業的水準提升有著極其重要的影響，為加工生產時不可少之重要環節。本文以機用虎鉗為主要應用對象，採用平移凸輪搭配肘節機構，建立系統化之流程來設計夾持驅動裝置，以實現倍力放大與定力輸出之夾持效果。文中首先透過給定之參數進行設計計算，推導平移凸輪輪廓、節曲線之向量參數式以及加工凸輪之刀具中心相對於凸輪之運動路徑向量參數式。接著對各設計參數彼此間之關聯性進行研究，最後再分析間隙對裝置輸出所造成之機械誤差，以評估本文所提出之平移凸輪定力夾持機構的特性、效能與實用性。而後本文進一步利用連桿與平移凸輪夾持機構結合，將其改良成具有自定心效果之夾持裝置，其夾持塊可以同時快速做反向且精確之等量作動，使工件中心點位置能夠維持，讓加工品質能有所提升。首先對自定心機構之輸出力作探討，並歸納可行之機構模型後，針對各參數對於設計結果之影響進行分析，以期能提供後續設計之初步建議與方向。

Accompanied by the development of the machine tool industry, there’s an ever-rising requirement of the manufacturing precision standard for products. Clamping devices for machine tools, as an indispensable part of manufacturing, have crucial influence on the upgrading of the entire industry.In order to provide magnified constant clamping force, this work proposes systematic processes to design a clamping device applied to machine vices mainly with the combination of translating cam and toggle mechanism. The cam profiles, pitch curves, and paths of cutter are derived and expressed parametrically firstly by designing and calculating with given parameters. After a study of relationships between design parameters, an analysis of mechanism errors in the output of the devise causing by clearance has been undertaken so that the characteristics, utilities, and usefulness of the mechanism can be assessed.By combining linkages with the translating cam clamping mechanism, this work further synthesizes a self-centering clamping devise whose two clamping parts move the exact same distance in opposite direction simultaneously that can improve processing quality since it maintains the work-piece central position. Starting with the discussion of output forces of self-centering clamping mechanisms as well as summarizing feasible mechanism types, the influence of parameters on design result is then analyzed so as to propose some advices and directions while designing afterward.

[1] T. J. Slagle, “Power-actuated Vise Jaw ” USA Patent 6698740, 2004.
[2] 任慕華，2010，“機床夾具設計研究，”機電資訊，528期，12月號，199頁。
[3] E. R. Haan, 1954, “Selecting and using a bench vise,” Popular Mechanics, Vol. 102, No. 4, pp. 233-235.
[4] 李昶，2009，“新型精密平口鉗的應用，”電腦數值控制機床市場，4月號，77-78頁。
[5] Q. Chen, 2010, “Design and Application of New Quick Grip Bench Vice, ” Light Industry Machinery, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 111-112.
[6] 王萬明，1984，“機械式虎鉗，” 冷加工，7月號，39頁
[7] X. C. Liu, X. J. Cai, and S. Y. Ling, 2006, “Innovative Design on Force-increased Clamp of Hydraulic Pressure,” Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, Vol. 6, pp. 39-40.
[8] H. N. Huang, "Hydraulic Vise," Taiwan Patent TWM360761(U), 2009.
[9] Z. Liao, "Mechanical Force Increasing Device for Vise," China Patent 2579606(Y), 2003.
[10] R. L. Hooper, “Power Vise,” USA Patent US7293765(B2), 2007.
[11] C. M. Yang, “Compressed air-powered driving device for vice,” Taiwan Patent M308823(U), 2006.
[12] 顏鴻森，吳隆庸，2006，機構學，東華書局，台北市，185頁，269-275頁，290頁。
[13] W. L. Cleghorn, 2005, Mechanics of machines, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 165-181.
[14] R. O. Parmley, 2000, Illustrated Sourcebook of Mechanical Components, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 23.20-23.21.
[15] N. Sclater and N. P. Chironis, 2001, Mechanisms and mechanical devices sourcebook, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 211-213.
[16] Q. Hong, “Constant force-clamping and force-amplifying vise, ” China Patent 2778478, 2006.
[17] 朱石沙，黃宜堅，1994，“靜壓傳遞式機用平口鉗，” 製造技術與機床，7月號，38-39頁。
[18] R. Courant and F. John, 1968, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Vol. I, Interscience, New York, pp. 357-360.
[19] L. L. Wu, W. T. Chang, and C. H. Liu, 2007, “The Design of Varying-Velocity Translating Cam Mechanisms,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 352-364.
[20] R. S. Hartenberg and J. Denavit, 1964, Kinematic Synthesis of Linkages, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 59-63, pp. 295-306, pp. 315-320.
[21] 陳明志，1996，連桿機構機械誤差之分析，碩士論文，國立清華大學動力機械工程學系，新竹市，5-18頁。
[22] 張文桐，2007，平面凸輪機構之機械誤差分析及其應用，博士論文，國立清華大學動力機械工程學系，新竹市，37-109頁。
[23] L. L. Wu, 2003, “Calculating conjugate cam profiles by vector equations,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 217, No. 10, pp. 1117-1123.
[24] J. Reeve, 1995, Cams for industry, Paston Press, London, pp. 3-6.
[25] H. Rothbart, 2004, Cam Design Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 5-7, 285-301, 220-221, 269-271.
[26] R. L. Norton, 2009, Cam design and manufacturing handbook, Industrial Press Inc., pp. 185-187, 398-413.
[27] 吳隆庸，張文桐，2004，“盤形凸輪輪廓及其加工刀具路徑之解析計算法，”機械月刊，351期，11月號，72-87頁。
[28] H. L. Adair, “Self-centering Clamp,” USA Patent 4303270, 1981.
[29] 李先貴，安偉，1997，“一種高精度自定心虎鉗的設計和應用，” 汽車工藝與材料，7月號，39-40頁。
[30] 王華峰，2008，“自定心精密平口鉗的設計，” 中國科技信息，5月號，66頁。
[31] Gerardi S.p.A., www.gerardispa.com, Mar 17, 2013.
[32] Easter Machine Tool Co., www.taiwantool.com.tw, Apr 2, 2013.
[33] Yuan Minn Enter. Co., Ltd., www.yuanminn.com.tw, Apr 2, 2013.
[34] X. S. Lin, “Front-type multiplier vice device ” Taiwan Patent M397304(U), 2010.
[35] W. J. Xu, “Hydraulic vise force-intensifying supercharging apparatus,” Taiwan Patent M441548(U), 2012.
[36] Y. T. Yu, “Improved structure of pneumatic/hydraulic vise,” Taiwn Patent 284022, 1996.
[37] E. K. Henriksen, 1973, Jig and fixture design manual, Industrial Press Inc., illus., pp. 111-113.
[38] X. A. Wang and J. C. Tang, 2004, “The Analysis of Dead Point for Crank-and-rocker Mechanism and Its Application,” Journal of Hunan Institute of Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 48-50.
[39] MISUMI Co., www.misumi-ec.com, May 4, 2013.
[40] Yonken Co. Ltd., www.zwk-hydraulic.com.tw, May 4, 2013.
[41] Mindman Industrial Co. LTD., www.mindman.com.tw, May 4, 2013.
[42] 朱鳳傳，康鳳梅，黃泰翔，施議訓，劉紀嘉，2013，機械設計製造手冊，全華圖書，台北市，11-71頁。
[43] A. Van Beek, 2012, Advanced engineering design: lifetime performance and reliability, TU Delft, p. 251, p. 264.
[44] SKF Group, www.skf.com, Apr 1, 2013.
[45] NTN Co., www.ntn.co.jp, Apr 1, 2013.
[46] THK Global Top., www.thk.com, Apr 1, 2013.
[47] R. L. Norton, 1992, Design of machinery, McGraw-Hill. InC, pp. 538-540.
[48] 小栗富士雄，小栗達男 合著，黃炎森 譯，1993，標準機械圖表便覽，眾文圖書，台北市，10.11-10.12頁。
[49] 2015年臺灣產業與科技整合研究計畫小組，2008，“2015年台灣重要產業技術發展藍圖II，” 工研院產經中心，新竹縣，54頁。
[50] Dapra Co., www.dapra.com, Apr 5,2013.
[51] Panavise products, INC., www.panavise.com, Apr 5,2013.
[52] SCHUNK GmbH & Co. KG, www.schunk.com, Apr 5,2013.
[53] Groz Engineering Tools (P) Ltd., www.groz-tools.com, Apr 5,2013.
[54] Heinrich Co., www.heinrichco.com, Apr 5,2013.
[55] G. B. Tayler, “Vise,” USA Patent 1326804, 1919.
[56] G. Stunkard, “Self centering pipe working machine,” USA Patent 3819163, 1974.
[57] 李先貴，安偉，1997，“ 一種高精度自定心虎鉗的設計和應用，”汽車工藝與材料，7月號，39-40頁。
[58] 王華峰，2008，“自定心精密平口鉗的設計，”中國科技信息，5月號，66頁。
[59] H. L. Adair, “Self-centering clamp,” USA Patent 4303270, 1981.
[60] J. F. W. Cook, “Clamp assembly for a friction welding machine,” USA Patent 4362261, 1982.
[61] S. H. Lee, “Self-centering jig,” USA Patent 4981400, 1991.
[62] P. W. Jensen, 1991, Classical and Modern mechanisms for Engineers and Inventors, M. Dekker, New York, pp. 355-359.
[63] C. Marangoni, “Machine for treating worn out pneumatic tires and for applying a pre-molded tread ring,” USA Patent 4036677, 1977.
[64] C. A. Willis, “Self-centering clamp for down-hole tubulars,” USA Patent 4366606, 1983.
[65] C. A. Willis, “Self-centering clamp for down-hole tubulars,” USA Patent 4403897, 1983.
[66] C. Weisman, “Clamp and jig for use therewith,” USA Patent 3988865, 1976.
[67] L. E. Alessio, “Chuck,” USA Patent 4170366, 1979.
[68] PennTool Co., www.penntoolco.com, Apr 5,2013.
[69] Llambrich Precisión, S.L., www.llambrich.com, Apr 5,2013.
[70] C. N. Cooper, “Self-centering chuck mechanism,” USA Patent 3841647, 1974.
[71] V. J. Carcelli, “Self-centering bore gauge,” USA Patent 2464070, 1949.
[72] P. P. Wuesthoff, “Self-centering chuck mechanism,” USA Patent 3156480, 1964.
[73] R. Corghi, “Self-centering unit,” USA Patent 2005067115, 2005.
[74] G. F. Griggs, “Chuck-jaw,” USA Patent 1020492, 1912.
[75] R. S. Adair, “Hydraulic steady rest chuck,” USA Patent 2511827, 1950.
[76] D. Rosenblatt, “Chuck and means for attaching tools thereto,” USA Patent 2416774, 1947.
[77] P. Avilla, “Self-centering chuck,” USA Patent 1747657, 1930.
[78] C. H. Reaves, “Live center chuck,” USA Patent 2555419, 1951.
[79] F. W. Kupke, “Self-tightening chuck,” USA Patent 1043114, 1912.
[80] E. W. Prigan, “Automatic chuck,” USA Patent 1750023, 1930.
[81] G. H. Rees, “Self-centering tail stock assembly,” USA Patent 3422709, 1969.
[82] G. H. Fuehrer, “Self-centering chuck,” USA Patent 2513858, 1950.
[83] A. B. Eastwood, “Cutoff machine,” USA Patent 2459068, 1949.
[84] G. L. Benavides, “Rigid clamp,” USA Patent 5328180, 1994.
[85] G. A. Stunkard, “Self centering pipe working machine,” USA Patent 3650514, 1972.
[86] L. R. Hodge, “Centering spinning for down hole tubulars,” USA Patent 5054550, 1991.
[87] Kitagawa-NorthTech Inc., kitagawa.com, Apr 5,2013.
[88] 徐旭東，瞿清華，1994，“開啟式自定心中心架對稱平移凸輪的設計，”製造技術與機床，2月號，23-26頁。
[89] S. Ruggeri, “Selfcentering work-rest,” USA Patent 4519279, 1985.
[90] B. G. Welin, “Self-centering steady rest,” USA Patent 4823657, 1989.
[91] F. F. Ingram, “Automizer,” USA Patent 481951, 1892.
[92] L. Brown, “Wall mountable back massager,” USA Patent 2011021959, 2011.