多目標搜尋過程中搜尋策略與策略表現之探討

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研究生：	張欣怡 Chang, Hsin-Yi
論文名稱：	多目標搜尋過程中搜尋策略與策略表現之探討 Search Strategy and its Performance in the Multiple Target Search Process
指導教授：	王明揚 Wang, Min-Yang
口試委員:	李昀儒 Lee, Yun-Ju 黃育信 Huang, Yu-Hsing
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工業工程與工程管理學系 Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	137
中文關鍵詞：	目標搜尋、搜尋策略、多目標物、搜尋表現、眼動
外文關鍵詞：	target search, search strategy, multiple targets, search performance, eye movement
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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　　視覺為外界訊息輸入的主要通道，其於人獲取資訊的過程中扮演著重要的角色。日常生活中有許多任務需仰賴目標搜尋才得以完成，然而由於人的注意力資源有限，當面對大量且複雜的環境時，需將有限的注意力資源運用在與任務相關的資訊上，以提升獲取資訊的效率。透過與目標搜尋相關的文獻發現，多數研究著重探討目標物為單一個的情境，然而於現實環境中，目標物往往不只一個，即使有少數研究探討多目標物的情境，也多傾向於模型的推論與適用性，對於人在多目標物情境下的搜尋行為缺乏深入的探討與剖析。

　　因此，本研究以特徵聯結搜尋（Conjunction search）作業作為搜尋的任務，探討在目標物數目為10%、30%、50%、70%、90%的多目標物情境下，觀者的搜尋行為。並根據觀者凝視點的起始位置與視線軌跡移動的方向，提出編碼與歸納眼動路徑的方式，歸納個體所採取的目標搜尋策略。且以作業中正確率、搜尋時間與凝視點數目作為衡量策略表現的指標。

　　本研究提出的編碼與歸納方式，足以歸類85%的搜尋路徑，具有良好的適用性與一致性。在多目標物數目的情境中，觀者會採取單一與複合兩種搜尋策略，而單一搜尋策略又可細分成Z、W和O型搜尋模式。研究結果顯示，在目標物數目小於干擾物數目的情境下，採取單一搜尋策略的次數明顯多於複合搜尋策略，且確實在該情況下，單一搜尋策略花費較少的搜尋時間與凝視點數目，表現較佳。

　　Vision plays an important role in the process of information acquisition. In a daily life, we need to rely on the target search to complete various tasks. However, when facing the complex environments, limited attention need to be applied to the task-related information to improve the efficiency of information acquisition due to the limited attention resources. Through related literature, our study found that most studies emphatically discuss the target for a single situation, but in the real environment, target is often more than one. Even a few researches are about multiple target situation, is more inclined to examine the applicability of the model. There is a lack of in-depth discussion and analysis of human searching behavior in the context of multiple targets.

　　Therefore, in this study, discusses the viewer's search behavior in the case of multiple targets, which the number of the targets is 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%. According to the starting position of the viewer's fixation and the direction of the eye track movement, the method to code and to summarize the eye movement path is proposed. The target search strategy adopted by the individual is summarized. The accuracy, search time and the number of fixation were used as the indicators to measure the performance of the strategy.

　　The coding methods proposed in this study induced 85% of the search paths, and have good applicability and consistency. In multiple target search process, viewers will adopt exclusive and composite search strategies. The exclusive search strategy can be subdivided into the Z, W and O search patterns. The results show that when the number of targets is smaller than the number of distractors, the number of exclusive search strategy is significantly higher than that of composite search strategy. The exclusive search strategy spends less search time and fixation, which means it performs better in that situation.

摘要 ....................................................i
Abstract ................................................................ii
致謝辭 ................................................................iv
目錄 .....................................................................v
圖目錄 .................................................................ix
表目錄 .................................................................x

第一章　緒論 .....................................................1
　　1.1　研究背景與動機 ................................1
　　1.2　研究目的 ............................................2
　　1.3　研究架構 ............................................3

第二章　文獻探討 .............................................4
　　2.1　目標搜尋 ............................................4
　　　　2.1.1　目標搜尋之基本任務型態 ......4
　　　　2.1.2　目標搜尋之基本搜尋模式 ......5
　　　　2.1.3　目標搜尋策略 ..........................6
　　　　2.1.4　小結 ..........................................9
　　2.2　眼動 .....................................................9
　　　　2.2.1　眼動之意涵 ..............................10
　　　　2.2.2　眼動之參數 ..............................11
　　　　2.2.3　眼動分析方法 ..........................13
　　　　2.2.4　小結 ..........................................15
　　2.3　作業績效 .............................................15
　　　　2.3.1　影響作業績效之環境因子 ......16
　　　　2.3.2　影響作業績效之個體因素 ......18
　　　　2.3.3　小結 ..........................................21
　　2.4　總結 .....................................................21

第三章　研究方法 ..............................................24
　　3.1　實驗架構 .............................................24
　　3.2　實驗預試 .............................................26
　　　　3.2.1　預試之實驗目的 ......................26
　　　　3.2.2　實驗參與者 ..............................26
　　　　3.2.3　預試之實驗內容 ......................27
　　3.3　實驗設計 .............................................28
　　　　3.3.1　實驗參與者 ..............................28
　　　　3.3.2　刺激物 ......................................30
　　　　3.3.3　搜尋介面 ..................................32
　　3.4　實驗材料與工具 .................................34
　　　　3.4.1　硬體 ..........................................35
　　　　3.4.2　軟體 ..........................................36
　　3.5　實驗環境 .............................................38
　　　　3.5.1　環境照明與溫濕度 ..................38
　　　　3.5.2　設備與環境設置 ......................38
　　3.6　實驗流程 .............................................40
　　　　3.6.1　正式實驗前 ..............................40
　　　　3.6.2　正式實驗中 ..............................41
　　　　3.6.3　正式實驗後 ..............................42
　　　　3.6.4　事後訪談 ..................................42
　　3.7　分析方法 .............................................44
　　　　3.7.1　表現之衡量方式 ......................44
　　　　3.7.2　目標搜尋策略歸納方法 ..........47
　　　　3.7.3　訪談資料分析 ..........................66
　　　　3.7.4　統計分析 ..................................66

第四章　研究結果與分析 ..................................71
　　4.1　資料數目與遺漏值處理 .....................71
　　　　4.1.1　實驗預試 ..................................71
　　　　4.1.2　正式實驗 ..................................71
　　4.2　實驗預試 .............................................72
　　　　4.2.1　信度分析 ..................................72
　　　　4.2.2　試驗次數 ..................................73
　　4.3　正式實驗 .............................................75
　　　　4.3.1　搜尋策略 ..................................76
　　　　4.3.2　策略表現 ..................................94
　　4.4　事後訪談 .............................................113
　　　　4.4.1　採取特定策略的原因 ..............113
　　　　4.4.2　畫面特徵的影響 ......................115
　　4.5　小結 .....................................................117

第五章　研究結果討論 .......................................119
　　5.1　搜尋策略之歸納方法 ..........................119
　　5.2　搜尋策略 ..............................................121
　　　　5.2.1　單一搜尋策略 ...........................121
　　　　5.2.2　複合搜尋策略 ...........................122
　　5.3　策略表現 ..............................................124
　　　　5.3.1　正確率 .......................................124
　　　　5.3.2　搜尋時間 ...................................125
　　　　5.3.3　凝視點數目 ...............................127
　　5.4　其他 ......................................................127

第六章　結論、研究限制與未來研究方向 ........129
　　6.1　結論 .......................................................129
　　6.2　研究限制 ...............................................129
　　6.3　未來研究方向 .......................................130

中文參考文獻 ........................................................131
英文參考文獻 ........................................................132

                                

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