綠色能源近年來備受矚目，其中汙染最少之太陽能更是一大亮點，高分子材料具有製程簡單且能大面積製作之優點，量子點材料具有成本低廉且易調控能隙之優點，因此高分子與量子點作為吸光材料為最尖端之研究主題，相較於現行市面上的矽基太陽能電池，可望成為最新一代的綠色能源。本研究著墨於高分子及量子點材料應用於太陽能電池中，共分為三個部分。
第一部分為高分子電子傳輸層之化學結構對高分子太陽能電池之影響，在此研究中設計了一系列水醇可溶解之高分子(PCCn6、PFNCn6、PFCn6及PTCn6)作為太陽能電池之電子傳輸層，並深入探討高分子結構對於元件中界面偶極(interfacial dipole)及光場分佈(optical electric field distribution)的影響，研究中發現高分子之主鏈對於界面偶極的影響高於側鏈，使得主鏈對元件開環電壓之影響較大，其中引入PCCn6作為電子傳輸層獲得的界面偶極最大。在元件光場調控方面，只要引入高分子電子傳輸層，皆能有效將元件內最大光場的區域調整在活性層當中，使活性層可以吸收更多的光而產生較多的光電流，不論使用何種主鏈或側鏈之高分子電子傳輸層，其對元件內的光場影響差異並不大，因為這些高分子之折射率接近所致。更進一步發現PCCn6的引入還能增加整體元件之導電度，再加上界面偶極及調控元件光場之能力，使元件效率高達8.13%，在當時是非常高之效率。
第二部份為量子點表面處理應用於高分子/量子點串聯式太陽能電池中以提升光電轉換效率，在此部分提出了新穎的表面處理製程，應用於高分子/量子點串聯式太陽能電池中，即是將硫化鉛量子點之薄膜放置於充滿水氣以及氧氣的室溫環境下，研究發現放置在水氣環境中，會使硫化鉛量子點薄膜表面產生亞硫酸鉛及硫酸鉛，然而放置在氧氣環境下則會多產生氧化鉛，這些含鉛化物能降低硫化鉛量子點之間的電子電洞復合機率，進而提高元件之開環電壓及填充因子，然而氧化鉛之導電度遠低於亞硫酸鉛及硫酸鉛，因此硫化鉛量子點在氧氣處理下所得到的元件短路電流會小於水氣處理下的元件短路電流。透過水氣的處理，可使硫化鉛量子點單一接面之太陽能電池的元件效率提升至6.18%，相較於沒有處理的元件，效率提升了1.8倍之多，進一步將水氣處理應用於硫化鉛量子點及PTB7-Th:PC71BM之串聯式太陽能電池中，元件效率可高達9.12%，相較於沒有處理的元件，效率高了1.2倍，且9.12%為目前高分子/量子點串聯式太陽能電池之最高效率。
第三部分為控制高分子與量子點混合後的形貌，提升高分子/量子點混合式太陽能電池的光電轉換效率，在此部分研究發現當高分子含量較低時，高分子會形成團聚，包覆在量子點的團聚當中，當高分子含量增加，高分子會曝露在量子點的團聚外阻礙量子點間的電荷傳遞，使元件效率低落。進一步添加1 vol%的添加劑於系統中，元件PCE能提升至4.94%，再搭配第一部分所研究之高分子電子傳輸層，再將元件PCE推進至5.26%，此5.26%為目前P3HT/PbS量子點混合式太陽能電池之最高效率。

Green energy has attracted much attention in recent years. Among them, the least polluted solar energy is a bright spot in green energy. Compared with the current silicon-based solar cells, solar cells with polymer materials have the advantages of simple process and large-area production and those with quantum dot (QD) materials have low cost and easy to adjust their band gaps. Therefore, solar cells with polymers and QDs as light absorbing materials are important advanced research topic in solar cells. It is expected to become the latest generation of green energy. This study is based on the improvent of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in polymer and QD hybrid solar cells, which are divided into three parts.
The first part: A series of novel electron transport (ET) polymers composed of different conjugated main chains (fluorene, thiophene, and 2,7-carbazole) and crown ether side chain (crown ether, aza-crown ether and amine) is presented for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b’] dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]](PTB7) as the active polymer and aluminum metal as the cathode. Unexpectedly, it is found that the main chain of ET polymers has a greater effect on the interfacial dipole than the side chain, even when attaching a high polarity group. The electron-rich bridge atom of the main chain may also contribute appreciably to the interfacial dipole. When used as the ET layer, all of these polymers can generate an optical interference effect for redistribution of the optical electric field as an optical spacer and, therefore, allow more light to be absorbed by the active layer, thus leading to an increase in short-circuit current density (JSC). They can also block hole diffusion to the cathode and prevent electron-hole recombination during the ET process. Among the five ET polymers investigated, PCCn6 is the most effective one, providing a remarkable improvement in the PCE (measured in air) of the device to 8.13% compared to 5.20% for PTB7:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM).
The second part: we propose new treatments on the PbS QD layer surface by exposing it to air, water vapor and oxygen environments at room temperature. For air, water vapor and oxygen treatments, the lead oxides PbSO3, and PbSO4 are formed at the surface, while for air and oxygen treatments, PbO is additionally formed. These oxides are able to prevent charge recombination between PbS QDs, which results in higher open circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) than those without treatment. The absence of lower conductivity oxide PbO in the water vapor treatment leads to JSC higher than those of air and oxygen treatments. In the hybrid tandem solar cell with PTB7-Th:PC71BM as the top cell and PbS QD as the bottom cell, the water vapor treatment leads to a PCE of 9.12%, which is higher than that without treatment (7.37%), with air treatment (8.70%) and oxygen treatment (8.47%). The PCE 9.12% is the new record PCE among the reported polymer QD hybrid tandem solar cells.
The third part: we found that the weight ratio of polymer blended with QD could affect the morphology of active layer. At a low polymer concentration, the agglomeration of polymer is found to locate within QD aggregate domains. When the concentration of P3HT is high, PbS QD aggregates cannot wrap up P3HT chains and P3HT chains are distributed outside the PbS domains, which results in disturbance of carrier transport pathway in PbS QD phase leading to low PCE. Moreover, addition of 1 vol% anisaldehyde as an additive to active layer (P3HT:OA-PbS) can significantly increase PCE from 4.14% to 4.94%. We introduce the polymer, PCCn6, as the electron transport layer, the device efficiency is further increased from 4.94% to 5.26%. This PCE 5.26% is the world record in P3HT:PbS QD hybrid solar cells.

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