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研究生： 楊家懿
Chia-Yi Yang
論文名稱： 以氣相層析同位素比質譜儀追踪有機溶劑與甲基安非他命來源
Tracing the origin of organic solvents and illicit methamphetamine using GC-IRMS
指導教授： 凌永健
Yong-Chien Ling
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 100
中文關鍵詞： 氣相層析同位素比質譜儀 、有機溶劑 、甲基安非他命 、來源追踪
外文關鍵詞： GC/IRMS, Organic solvent, Methamphetamine, origin tracing
相關次數： 點閱：4  下載：0 
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    • 傳統環境鑑識科學以化學指紋法作為環境有機溶劑污染物來源追踪之依據，但當污染物組成相似，化學指紋法將不足以判斷其來源；而在藥物鑑識科學中主要以不純物分析作為甲基安非他命來源追踪之依據，但當甲基安非他命樣品純度高，不純物分析結果將不足以判斷其來源。均突顯出以其他分析技術進行有機溶劑和甲基安非他命來源追踪之重要性。
    本研究以化合物別同位素分析技術應用於有機溶劑和甲基安非他命來源追踪之研究，使用氣相層析同位素比質譜儀進行同位素比分析，提供有別於傳統分析方法之結果進行有機溶劑與甲基安非他命來源比對與追踪。
    有機溶劑依原料來源與製程不同，而有不同的碳同位素比分布範圍，可作為有機溶劑來源追踪之依據。本研究先建立79件有機溶劑碳同位素比之資料庫，並分析33件廢溶劑樣品中代表性溶劑成分之碳同位素比，再與資料庫進行比對，其中二氯甲烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯和異丙酮均有比對出來源關聯性高之溶劑廠牌來源，廢溶劑樣品也互相比對出來源關聯性高之樣品。
    甲基安非他命依前驅物來源與合成路徑的不同，而有右旋和消旋的甲基安非他命之別、含有不同的不純物成分以及不同的碳、氮同位素比分布範圍，可作為追踪甲基安非他命之前驅物來源與合成路徑之依據。本研究針對3件自行合成與25件查扣甲基安非他命樣品進行熔點、不純物和碳、氮同位素比分析，探討甲基安非他命與其前驅物之關聯性，並進行樣品比對以追踪來源。

    Environmental forensics traditionally used chemical fingerprint to trace the origin of organic solvent pollutants. It fails to identify their origins when the chemical compositions of pollutants are the same. Similarly, drug forensics used impurity analysis to trace the origin of illicit methamphetamine(MA) samples. It also fails to differentiate their origins when MA samples are very pure. Both cases show that it is important to utilize other analytical technique for origin tracing. This study uses compound specific isotope analysis(CSIA) based on gas chromatograph/isotope ratio mass spectrometer(GC/IRMS) to trace the origin of organic solvents and illicit MA samples.
    The range of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios(□13C &□□15N) in organic solvents depend on their origins and manufacturing process, which could be expedited to trace the origin of organic solvents. In this study, the □13C database of 79 organic solvents was established first. The □13C of organic solvent components in 33 industrial waste were analyzed later and compared to the database for revealing the correlation between industrial waste and database source. Solvents in industrial waste, such as dichloromethane, toluene, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol, were found to correlate with certain brand solvents in the database. Furthermore, certain industrial waste samples were also found to possess correlations.
    The distinctions in d-form & dl-form, impurity components, and □13C &□□15N of MA depended on the precursor source and synthetic methods. These distinctions could thus be utilized to identify the origin of illicit MA samples and the synthetic route of MA. In this study, 3 synthetic MA samples and 25 seized MA samples were analyzed, including melting point measurement, impurity analysis, and □13C &□□15N analysis to identify the correlation between MA samples and their precursor. Furthermore, all MA samples were subjected to statistically analysis for tracing their origin.

    目 錄 頁 次 目錄 I 表目錄 III 圖目錄 V 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 同位素比質譜儀 3 1-2-1 原理 3 1-2-2 應用 5 1-3 研究動機與目的 8 1-3-1 有機溶劑來源追踪 8 1-3-2 甲基安非他命來源追踪 9 第二章 氣相層析同位素比質譜儀追踪有機溶劑來源 15 2-1 前言 15 2-2 實驗方法 16 2-2-1 實驗流程 16 2-2-2 實驗設備與藥品 16 2-2-3 樣品 17 2-2-4 前處理方法 17 2-2-5 GC/IRMS分析 19 2-2-6 統計分析 20 2-3 結果與討論 22 2-3-1 GC/IRMS之□13C分析 22 2-3-2 來源追踪 23 2-4 結論 26 第三章 氣相層析同位素比質譜儀追踪甲基安非他命來源 49 3-1 前言 49 3-1-1 甲基安非他命簡介 49 3-1-2 甲基安非他命來源鑑定 51 3-2 實驗方法 54 3-2-1 實驗流程 54 3-2-2 實驗設備與藥品 54 3-2-3 樣品 57 3-2-4 再結晶前處理方法 57 3-2-5 合成方法 57 3-2-6 GC/MS分析 58 3-2-7 GC/IRMS分析 59 3-2-8 EA/IRMS分析 60 3-2-9 FTIR分析 60 3-2-10 統計分析 61 3-3 結果與討論 62 3-3-1 甲基安非他命查扣樣品鑑定 62 3-3-2 甲基安非他命合成樣品鑑定 62 3-3-3 GC/MS分析不純物成分 63 3-3-4 GC/IRMS之□13C和□15N分析 65 3-3-5 EA/IRMS之□13C和□15N分析 67 3-3-6 來源追踪 70 3-4 結論 73 第四章 總論、建議與展望 102 4-1 有機溶劑來源追踪 102 4-2 甲基安非他命來源追踪 103 參考文獻 104 表 目 錄 頁 次 表1-1 穩定同位素比之主要分析元素相關資訊 10 表1-2 台灣地區1999~2007年緝獲毒品與濫用藥物尿液檢驗之統計資料表 11 表2-1 25件工業級溶劑樣品資訊表 28 表2-2 33件廢溶劑樣品資訊表 29 表2-3 品管樣品之GC/IRMS儀器設定 31 表2-4 25件工業級溶劑樣品之GC/IRMS分析批次表 33 表2-5 25件工業級溶劑樣品之GC/IRMS儀器設定 34 表2-6 廢溶劑樣品之GC/IRMS儀器設定 38 表2-7 79件溶劑樣品之□13C分析結果 39 表2-8 廠牌與批次對有機溶劑之□13C影響表 42 表2-9 33件廢溶劑樣品之□13C分析結果 43 表3-1 甲基安非他命與其前驅物相關資訊表 75 表3-2 甲基安非他命特徵不純物資訊表 76 表3-3 甲基安非他命查扣樣品資訊表 77 表3-4 甲基安非他命之標準品和合成樣品資訊表 78 表3-5 甲基安非他命樣品不純物分析之GC/MS儀器設定 78 表3-6 甲基安非他命樣品和前趨物之GC/IRMS儀器設定 79 表3-7 碳同位素比分析品管樣品之GC/IRMS儀器設定 80 表3-8 氮同位素比分析品管樣品之GC/IRMS儀器設定 81 表3-9 EA/IRMS儀器設定 82 表3-10 甲基安非他命查扣與合成樣品之不純物分析結果 83 表3-11 甲基安非他命標準品、合成樣品與前驅物之GC/IRMS分析結果 83 表3-12 甲基安非他命查扣樣品之GC/IRMS分析結果 84 表3-13 甲基安非他命標準品、合成樣品與前趨物之EA/IRMS分析結果 85 表3-14 甲基安非他命查扣樣品之EA/IRMS分析結果 86 表3-15 EA/IRMS與GC/IRMS分析結果之偏差 87 圖 目 錄 頁 次 圖1-1 GC/IRMS儀器結構與說明示意圖 12 圖1-2 EA/IRMS儀器結構與說明示意圖 13 圖1-3 台灣地區1999~2007年緝獲毒品之統計圖 14 圖1-4 台灣地區1999~2007年緝獲毒品之平均百分比圓餅圖 14 圖2-1 實驗流程 45 圖2-2 79件溶劑樣品之□13C分布圖 46 圖2-3 溶劑成分之□13C比對結果 47 圖2-4 廢溶劑樣品之□13C雷達圖 48 圖3-1 一般非法合成甲基安非他命之路徑 88 圖3-2 實驗流程 89 圖3-3 甲基安非他命查扣樣品成分確認之前處理流程圖 90 圖3-4 再結晶前處理流程圖 90 圖3-5 本研究之甲基安非他命合成路徑 91 圖3-6 氯化氫氣體產生裝置示意圖 91 圖3-7 碳、氮同位素比分析之前處理流程圖 92 圖3-8 甲基安非他命樣品熔點分布圖 92 圖3-9 甲基安非他命經Naigai method合成之反應動力曲線圖 93 圖3-10 甲基安非他命經Moscow method合成之反應動力曲線圖 94 圖3-11 甲基安非他命合成樣品與標準品之IR圖 94 圖3-12 甲基安非他命合成樣品之不純物分析圖 95 圖3-13 甲基安非他命查扣樣品之不純物分析圖 96 圖3-14 GC/IRMS分析之□ 13C和□ 15N分布圖 99 圖3-15 GC/IRMS分析之□ 13C和□ 15N群集分析結果 99 圖3-16 EA/IRMS分析之□ 13C和□ 15N分布圖 100 圖3-17 EA/IRMS分析之□ 13C和□ 15N群集分析結果 100 圖3-18 甲基安非他命分析流程資訊圖 101

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