質子治療射程驗證用康普吞攝影機最佳化研究

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研究生：	劉冠廷 Liu, Guan-Ting
論文名稱：	質子治療射程驗證用康普吞攝影機最佳化研究 Optimization of a Compton Camera for Proton Range Verification
指導教授：	莊克士 Chuang, Keh-Shih 詹美齡 Jan, Mee-Ling
口試委員:	林信宏 Lin, Hisn-Hon 蕭穎聰 Hsiao, Ing-Tsung
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	原子科學院 - 生醫工程與環境科學系 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	58
中文關鍵詞：	質子治療、射程驗證、康普吞攝影機
外文關鍵詞：	Proton Therapy, Range Verification, Compton Camera
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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質子治療為近年來相當新興的放射治療技術。與傳統的光子治療比較，因質子射束存在著布拉格峰的物理特性，可使射束的最大劑量沈積於腫瘤組織上，並大幅降低腫瘤周圍正常組織的傷害。然而，目前因質子射程的不確定性導致治療效果不佳，因此若能改善此射程不準確性，對臨床將有相當大的助益。
本研究目標為最佳化質子治療射程評估用的康普吞造影儀（Compton Camera）希望藉由模擬質子進入人體後產生的瞬發光子（prompt gamma），以達到降低射程不準確的效果。
在實驗上，我們使用GATE/GEANT4蒙地卡羅軟體模擬prompt gamma的特徵能量，以不同能量入射不同材料的偵檢器組合。並改變Compton Camera的散射偵檢器以及吸收偵檢器厚度幾何，藉由考慮散射/吸收分率、散射/吸收效率、軸心誤差以及角度解析度來評估出最佳的幾何組合。
而實驗結果顯示散射偵檢器在材料LYSO與GAGG在厚度於25 mm下表現最佳，而CZT與LaBr3在厚度40 mm時也有最好的表現。在吸收偵檢器方面，厚度的上升雖然將使吸收效率提升，但卻會導致軸心誤差上升。另外若考慮到偵檢器電路輸出位置的判別，假設在實際硬體中無法正確判斷光子打到偵檢器的位置，將有機會使整體系統解析度更為下降。最後本研究利用角度解析度來評估散射層以及吸收層於最佳厚度狀況下的表現，由結果也顯示散射偵檢器或吸收偵檢器在最佳厚度下的系統效率或是角度解析度都表現的最為良好。整體而言，本研究所提出的最佳化幾何方法為可行的，不過由於偵檢器距離的變化同時會造成解析度以及效率的變化，因此只要能將兩者的表現達到最佳化，對於康普吞造影儀工具的開發將有莫大助益，期望此套康普吞造影儀能在臨床質子治療射程評估中提供更精準的治療效果。

In recent years, proton therapy is an emerging radiotherapy technique. Compared with traditional photon-based radiotherapy, proton therapy has the Bragg peak which makes energy deposited maximum on the position of tumor. However, the planning position of Bragg peak remains uncertainty. It will lead to target underdose or normal tissue overdose. Therefore, monitoring and improving proton range is very important for proton therapy.
The aim of this study is to optimize the Compton Camera for proton range verification by detecting prompt gamma ray during proton therapy.
In this study, GATE/GEANT4 simulation platform will be used as a simulated tool. By considering detector’s fraction or efficiency and Absorber’s cone axis errors under prompt gamma characteristic energy to optimize the best Compton Camera system。
In the result, we propose the most suitable thickness from the study of evaluation each detector. And the proposed FOM for Absorber detector indicated that depth-of-interaction is promising to have capability of improving the spatial resolution. Finally, this study confirms the best detector’s thickness with utilizing Angular resolution measurement.

摘要......................................................................................................................................I
Abstract............................................................................................................................III
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………...IV
目錄.....................................................................................................................................V
圖目錄..............................................................................................................................VII
表目錄...............................................................................................................................IX
第一章    緒論........................................................................................................................1
1    實驗緣起......................................................................................................1
2    研究動機與目的..........................................................................................1
3    論文架構......................................................................................................2
第二章    文獻回顧................................................................................................................3
1    光子與物質作用..........................................................................................3
1.1  合調散射..............................................................................................4
1.2  光電效應..............................................................................................4
1.3  康普吞散射..........................................................................................6
1.4  成對產生..............................................................................................7
1.5  光分解..................................................................................................8
2    質子治療......................................................................................................8
2.1  Prompt Gamma..................................................................................9
3    Prompt Gamma偵測...............................................................................10
3.1  Collimator-based camera.................................................................11
3.2  Compton Camera.............................................................................12
3.2.1  Single Scattering Compton Camera........................................13
3.2.2  Double Scattering Compton Camera......................................14
第三章    材料與方法..........................................................................................................16
1    質子射程驗證用康普吞攝影機. ..............................................................16
1.1  散射層偵檢器幾何............................................................................16
1.2  吸收層偵檢器幾何............................................................................17
2    偵檢器材質................................................................................................20
3    康普吞攝影機最佳化評估........................................................................22
3.1  光子能量............................................................................................22
3.2  散射層評估........................................................................................23
3.3  吸收層評估........................................................................................24
3.4  系統評估............................................................................................25
第四章    結果......................................................................................................................29
1  散射層評估.......................................................................................................29
1.1  散射效率..................................................................................................29
1.2  散射分率..................................................................................................30
1.3  散射層SFOM..........................................................................................31
2  吸收層評估.......................................................................................................31
2.1  吸收效率..................................................................................................32
2.2  吸收分率..................................................................................................32
2.3  軸心誤差..................................................................................................33
2.4  吸收層AFOM.........................................................................................34
3  系統評估...........................................................................................................35
3.1  系統效率..................................................................................................36
3.2  角度解析度..............................................................................................36
3.2.1  康普吞環軸心角度誤差...................................................................37
3.2.2  能量散射角誤差…….......................................................................38
3.2.3  角度解析度(吸收層沒有深度資訊)................................................38
3.2.4  角度解析度(吸收層具有深度資訊)................................................42
3.2.5  最佳厚度下之角度解析度表現.......................................................45
3.2.6  最佳厚度下之角度解析度表現(能量窗篩選)................................47
第五章    結論與討論..........................................................................................................50
1  討論...................................................................................................................50
2  結論...................................................................................................................52
第六章    參考文獻..............................................................................................................54

                                

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