研究生: |
許雅淑 Hsu, Ya-shu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
發展的文化轉向: 中央與地方政府在臺灣經濟轉型中的角色 The Culture Turn in Development: Central and Local Governments in Taiwan’s Economic Transformation |
指導教授: |
古明君
Ku, Ming-Chun |
口試委員: |
許甘霖
Hsu, Kan-lin 謝斐宇 Hsieh, Fei-Yu 陳瑞樺 Chen, Jui-Hua 鄭志鵬 Cheng, Chih-peng |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
人文社會學院 - 社會學研究所 Institute of Sociology |
論文出版年: | 2019 |
畢業學年度: | 107 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 200 |
中文關鍵詞: | 文化轉向 、文化創意產業 、文化財富 、象徵資源 、發展型體制 、全球價值鍊 、形象管理 |
外文關鍵詞: | culture turn, cultural and creative industry, cultural wealth, symbolic resources, developmental regime, global commodity chain, image management |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
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從一九八〇年代以來,文化成為後工業社會經濟發展的希望,世界各國面臨經濟發展的瓶頸,紛紛投入文化創意產業,冀望尋找高附加價值的產業作為經濟發展的動力。台灣面對製造業外移引發的產業轉型壓力,亟欲擺脫傳統代工的發展模式,也追隨其他先進國家的發展步伐,以「文化」作為經濟發展的出路。這場發展的文化轉向喚醒了發展理論的古典提問:「發展如何可能?文化如何促進國家的經濟發展?」文化成為二十一世紀全球資本主義發展的新戰場,一方面沿襲十九世紀以來,工業化發展所建立的全球分工體系及維持這個世界體系的權力結構;另一方面也帶來新的遊戲規則,蘊含著顛覆既有權力關係的契機。文化創意產業不同於傳統製造業,文化具有在地性、象徵性價值、也有非經濟的動機與收益,這些文化價值的力量成為在地抵擋全球化的屏障;但產業特性又讓文化創意產業的發展無法脫離規模經濟、市場擴張的資本主義邏輯。
二十一世紀發展的文化轉向體現在全球、國家與地方層次,本論文將以宜蘭與臺灣為個案分別說明地方與中央政府,在面對區域競爭與經濟轉型的壓力下,如何採取文化作為後進者的發展策略。文化有其特殊性,創造象徵性價值是一連串行動者長期協商與衝突的結果,無法被單一行動者壟斷與控制,能提供行動者突破結構限制的機會,及抵抗主流經濟發展霸權找出另類發展的可能。行動者的自主性與能力是發展成敗的關鍵,對外必須能抵抗外部競爭壓力找出自己的價值與利基,對內必須取得社會集體的認同與合作。本論文呈現了中央與地方政府不同層次行動者在發展的文化轉向過程中採取的策略與行動,藉此說明影響發展成敗的重要機制,發展的文化轉向是文化與經濟關係的重構,文化不只是經濟發展的手段,而是我們經濟生活根本目的之所在。
A trend of culture turn in the industry development has emerged. Culture as a receipe to overcome economic girdlock is wildly adapted around the world after the mid 1990s. Each counury following this turn has tried to explore the “cultural wealth” of their country to boost their decling economy. However, although the importance of cultural wealth has been recognized after the success of cultury indurty in Great Britain and some other followers, such as South Korea and India, the orgins of the cultural wealth has not been well analyzed in developmental studies.
This thesis takes the experience of Taiwan to expalin why some countries can succeed in developing culture industry and some countries cannot. My arguemtn is that the role of the government is the critical determinant to formulating the consensus on the origin of cultural wealth and this will be the reason behind the successful story. The local government (Yilan) can form the local identity and consensus by reshaping the collective memory and history. Therefore, the government can find the origin of cultural wealth that is widely accepted by people and use it to develop their stanging economy. On the other hand, as a developmental state, Taiwan’s central government has followed this culture trun of economic development since the manufacturing sector is hollowed because of the attraction from low labor cost China. However, the central government has pushed forward the so called “Culture and Creative Indurty” without the consensus on the orgin of culture wealth, which forsees the controversy and deadlock of the economic transformation through culture turn. My conlusion is that the imitation of the successful experience without finding the real origin of cultural wealth in local society is doomed to face a lot of challenge in the process of economic transformation and upgration.
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陳儒修,1998,〈風風雨雨的台灣電影〉。頁34-43,收錄於黃寤蘭編,《當代中國電影:一九九五~一九九七》。台北:時報。
陳寶旭,1997,〈國片輔導金 一筆糊塗帳〉。《首映電影雜誌》86(10):92-95。
陳寶旭,1999,〈輔導金是國片的威而鋼嗎?〉。《中華民國電影年鑑 1999》。台北:國家電影資料館。
彭懷恩,2003,《台灣政治發展》。台北:風雲論壇。
曾俊洲,2014,〈我國文化創意產業現況與未來展望〉。《今日合庫》470:47-82。
游錫堃,1989,〈復興中華文化的迷思—下一代何處去?〉。《民主路‧鄉土情》。宜蘭:游錫堃出版。
焦雄屏,2009,〈全球化好萊塢宰制下,國家電影產業和電影文化多樣性的衝突及解決方案研究〉。行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告。
項貽斐,2010,〈台灣電影邁向城市行銷關鍵年〉。頁65-69,收錄於財團法人電影資料館編,《2010年台灣電影年鑑》。台北:財團法人電影資料館。
黃世輝,1998,〈談日本區域文化產業振興政策〉。《空間雜誌》106:58-65。
黃光男,1999,《博物館新視覺》。台北:正中書局。
黃建業,2001,〈該是再審慎思考電影政策的時候〉。《文訊》190 : 6-7。
黃春明,1999,《放生》。台北:皇冠。
黃國禎,1998,〈地域計劃、文化實踐與地域國家-對九○年代宜蘭「文化立縣」的基進思考〉。《宜蘭文獻雜誌》32:3-32。
黃國禎,1998,《文化政策、認同政治與地域實踐-以九0年代宜蘭為例》。台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文。
黃聲遠,1999,〈從環境中回頭思考生活的價值〉。頁16-24,收錄於黃聲遠編,《建築向度設計與理論02:新地方VS新專業》。台北:田園城市文化公司。
新聞局電影處,2005,〈現階段台灣電影輔導措施與展望〉。頁15-21,收錄於行政院新聞局編,《中華民國94年電影年鑑》。台北:行政院新聞局。
新聞局電影處,2005,〈輔導金之效益與興革說帖〉。頁223-231,收錄於行政院新聞局編,《中華民國94年電影年鑑》。台北:行政院新聞局。
楊秋霖,2007,〈宜蘭童玩節凋零之省思〉。《台灣林業》33(6):3-12。
楊博智,2006,《全球化下台灣動畫產業的發展與轉型》。國立中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
楊欽年,2000,《詩說噶瑪蘭》。宜蘭:宜蘭文化局。
葉至誠、葉立誠,2002,《研究方法與論文寫作》。台北:商鼎文化出版社。
葉軒晨、陳儒修,2006,〈綜觀2005年台灣電影產業起落〉。頁56-65,收錄於行政院新聞局編,《中華民國95年電影年鑑》。台北:行政院新聞局。
葉維俐,2016,〈兩岸文化創意產業園區發展困境之研究:以上海以及台北為例〉。《國際文化研究》12(1): 54-88。
董思齊,2013,《製造創意:韓國文化內容產業政策的起源與發展》。國立台灣大學政治學研究所博士論文。
資訊工業策進會編製,2010,《數位內容產業年鑑》。台北:經濟部工業局。
廖風德,1990,《清代之噶瑪蘭》。臺北:正中。
廖淑容,2008,〈宜蘭文化模式的制度能力與地域鑲嵌〉。《人文研究學報》42(1): 41-66。
臺灣經濟研究院,2003,《文化創意產業產值調查與推估研究報告》。台北:文建會。
劉大和,2003,〈文化創意產業界定及其意義〉。《台灣經濟研究月刊》26:115-122。
劉大和,2005,《文化與文化創意產業》。台北:魔豆創意。
劉大和,2012,《文化的在與不在?人文取向的文化產業視野》。新竹:國立交通大學。
劉俊裕,2013,〈全球在地文化:都市文化治理與文化策略的形構〉。頁3-35,收錄於劉俊裕編,《全球都市文化治理與文化策略:藝文節慶、賽事活動與都市文化形象》。臺北:巨流。
劉鳳珍,1997,〈瞧!這種環境競爭力〉。《遠見雜誌》137。
劉璧榛,2010,〈從部落社會到國家化的族群:噶瑪蘭人 qataban(獵首祭/豐年節)的認同想像與展演〉。《台灣人類學刊》8(2):37-83。
潘志忠,1999,《台灣綠色執政的雛型-以宜蘭經驗為例》。台灣大學政治學研究所碩士論文。
蔡承汀,2008,《全球化下台灣動畫產業發展與策略之研究》。國立臺灣師範大學美術學系碩士論文。
鄭秉泓,2010,〈淺談高雄縣市「城市行銷」相關影視政策〉。財團法人電影資料館(編),《2010 年台灣電影年鑑》。頁 70-75。台北:財團法人電影資料館。
鄭美華,2008,〈兩岸文化治理之比較分析─推動文化創意產業政策觀點〉。《通通識研究集刊》13:101-130。
盧非易,1998,《台灣電影:政治、經濟、美學(一九四九年至一九九四年)》。台北:遠流出版社。
盧智芳,1997,《有影無影?看台灣電影產業的困境與展望》。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士。
瞿宛文,2003,《全球化下的台灣經濟》。台北:台灣社會研究雜誌社。
簡瑞榮,1998,〈英國的文化政策與文化資產保存〉。《87年傳統藝術研討會論文集》。國立傳統藝術中心籌備處。
顏如妙、楊舜慧,2003,《韓國電影產業創新之研究》。國立政治大學科技管理研究所博士論文。
魏玓,1994,《當前台灣電影工業的政治經濟分析(1989 - 1993)》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
魏玓,2010,〈「新亞洲電影」的打造與拆解〉。《新聞學研究》104:161-194。
蘇明如,2001,《九○年代台灣文化產業生態之研究》。南華大學美學與藝術管理研究所碩士論文。
蘇明如,2016,《文創與城市:論台灣文化創意產業與城市文創觀光》。台北:五南。
龔宜君,2001,《宜蘭縣人口與社會變遷》。宜蘭:宜蘭縣政府。
財團法人國家文化藝術基金會,2002,《文化創意產業概況分析調查》。台北:行政院經濟建設委員會。
二、網路資料
Gosh Shen,2017,〈《通靈少女》第一集的大失望:我只看見文青濾鏡下去台語、去文化的「架空宮廟」〉。https://buzzorange.com/2017/04/13/where-is-our-language/ (瀏覽日期:2018.7.30)
Maple,2017,《專訪/《通靈少女》導演陳和榆:挾 HBO 以令諸侯,背後是「做戲」的堅持》。https://punchline.asia/archives/41408 (瀏覽日期:2018. 7. 5)
Maple,2017,《專訪/公視國際部經理施悅文:站在《通靈少女》背後,深耕多年的國際推手》。https://punchline.asia/archives/41726(瀏覽日期:2018.7.5)
Stout, David , 2015,“You Won't Believe Where the World's Best Whiskey Comes From.” Time http://time.com/3753768/world-best-whisky-taiwan-kavalan-world-whiskies-awards/(瀏覽日期:2016.11.15)。
方德琳,2016,〈宜蘭冬山、蘇澳是空屋重災區,你知道嗎?〉。《報導者》。https://www.twreporter.org/a/airpollution-ilan-cement(瀏覽日期:2016.5.20)
王美玉、蔡培村,2018,〈文化部推動五大文創產業園區成效不彰 監察院通過調查報告 促請文化部檢討改進〉。《監察院新聞稿》https://www.cy.gov.tw/sp.asp?xdURL=./di/Message/message_1t2.asp&ctNode=2394&mp=1&msg_id=6487 (瀏覽日期:2018.5.11)。
台北市電影委員會網頁,2018,〈關於影委會〉。https://www.filmcommission.taipei/tw/AboutFilmCommission/Static/6720(瀏覽日期:2018.9.2)
吳靖,2015,〈王聰威:文創業沒文化,是大家不願面對的真相〉。《城市誌》。http://www.citytalk.tw/zine/article/14313 (瀏覽日期:2017.4.5)
沈如峰,2007,〈搶救童玩節、宜蘭文化界發起黃槿花行動聯盟〉。《中央社》。http://n.yam.com/cna/life/200708/20070821641103.html.(瀏覽日期:2018. 9. 2)。
周美惠、鄭宏斌、舒懷緯、劉宜峰,2015,〈文創缺產業支持台南西門市場活化失敗〉。《聯合新聞網》。http://p.udn.com.tw/upf/newmedia/2015_vist/05/20150513_tainancc_02/index.html(瀏覽日期:2015.5.13)。
林文淇,2013,〈就讓國產電影長片輔導金除役退伍吧!〉。《放映週報》。http://www.funscreen.com.tw/fan.asp?F_No=1052 (瀏覽日期:2017.5.20)。
洪安怡,2018,〈瑪蘭撞名原民怨酒商盜家徽〉。《中國時報》。https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20180528000543-260114?chdtv(瀏覽日期:2018.5.28)。
馬斌,2017,〈影視基地進入戰國時期,台灣需要怎樣的影視基地?〉。https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/2102320(瀏覽日期2017.6.16)
莊國琳,2017,〈【台灣文化創意產業政策究竟出了什麼問題?】台灣時尚產業為何難以發展?多頭馬車管理成台灣文化創意產業第二大致命傷!〉。http://www.beautimode.com/article/content/83187/(瀏覽日期:2017.6.16)
彭杏珠,2011,〈宜蘭縣長 林聰賢,復辦童玩節,找回宜蘭價值與光榮感〉。《遠見雜誌》。https://www.gvm.com.tw/article.html?id=15601(瀏覽日期:2017.7.5)。
游明金,2007,〈呂國華執政2週年專題/停辦童玩節掀輿論狂濤〉。《自由時報》。https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/local/paper/176537(瀏覽日期:2017.8.15)。
熊毅晰,2015,〈黃聲遠 在田中央的建築大師〉。《天下雜誌》。https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5066322(瀏覽日期:2017.9.15)
蔡筱雯,2010,〈台灣威士忌擊敗英名釀〉。《蘋果日報》https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/daily/20100126/32259000/(瀏覽日期:2017.8.15)
盧非易,2007,〈台灣電影觀眾觀影模式與電影映演市場研究:1980-1999〉。http://cinema.nccu.edu.tw/cinemaV2/lwisdom.htm (瀏覽日期:2017.10.15)
蕭文杰,2018,〈遍地開花的影視園區(上):促進產業發展,還是蚊子館的前奏?〉。https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/11472/3352705(瀏覽日期:2018.9.6)。
蕭文杰,2018,〈遍地開花的影視園區(下):名導光環下,被忽視的生態與文資議題〉。https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/11472/3352883(瀏覽日期:2018.9.6)。
鍾泓良等,2015,〈台北市都發局長林洲民砲轟華山、松菸「假文創」〉。《自由時報》。http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/871564 (瀏覽日期:2017.4.5)
蘇玲瑤、劉漢麟,2007,〈商業利益至上 宜蘭童玩節走樣〉,《公視新聞》http://web.pts.org.tw/php/news/new_view.php?TBTIME=70&NEENO=5330&NEDAT=2007-08-10 (瀏覽日期:2016.8.7)。
三、報紙
中央日報,「七五年度外片輸入總額經核定兩百三十部國片輔導金下月起徵收」,1985/6/20,第9版。
中央日報,「各地業者建請新聞局暫緩徵收國片輔導金」,1985/7/4,第9版。
中央日報,「國片輔導金下月停徵 獎金額度將作適度調整」,1986/6/30,第九版。
中央日報,「電影事業法易名電影法定於八月底草擬完成」。1971/5/13,第六版。
中央日報,「電影圈是非偵多 國片起飛難忘有成 從速制訂電影法 方足挽救危機」。1973/3/15,第六版。
中央日報,「電影業者缺席,公聽會草草收場」,1992/10/15,第二十版。
中央日報,「影片商業公會昨改選理監事 建議政府訂電影法」。1968/3/10,第五版。
中央日報,「徵收國片輔導金 政院昨通過辦法 一般配額外片每部徵二十萬元」。1984/11/30,第9版。
中國時報,「八大公司、坐享配額優惠、意猶未足、保護國片、限制外片進口、用心良苦」,1984/1/9,第三版。
中國時報,「外國影片進口 再減少三十二部 保護國片不遺餘力歷年已減百部以上」,1965/6/22,第三版。
中國時報,「要求保護國片 電影從業員向立院請願」,1965/4/7,第三版。
中國時報,「影片配額被削減、八大公司告洋狀、我片商理直氣壯、決派員赴美對抗」,1984/1/9,第三版。
經濟日報,「中美結束貿易會談達成協議 我同意降低菸酒等192項美貨進口稅 放寬美商銀行、產險、租賃業營運限制」,1985/10/11,第1版。
經濟日報,「美國影片減稅又不必繳輔導金了」,1985/10/12,第1版。
賴淑姬,1989,〈孕育學童愛鄉情懷 應速編纂鄉土教材〉。《聯合報》,1989/4/20,第15版。
錢震宇、黃驛淵,2009,〈李永萍:北市行銷,須放眼國際〉。《聯合報》,A3 版。
聯合晚報,「新聞局懸賞 3,000 萬拍好電影」,1988/10/11。
聯合報,「沈劍虹向立院報告新聞局業務 立委促積極保護國片 不滿娛樂稅再修法」,1963/1/6,第二版。
聯合報,「沈劍虹答覆立委質詢 政府保護國片 減少外片進口」,1965/3/20,第七版。
聯合報,「管制外國影片進口 電檢處採新措施保護國片市場」,1962/2/2,第八版。
聯合報a,「請速保護國片,這裡提供簡易可行的有效辦法」,1960/6/10,第六版。
聯合報b,「請速保護國片,這裡提供簡易可行的有效辦法」,1960/6/11,第六版。
聯合報c,「請速保護國片,這裡提供簡易可行的有效辦法」,1960/6/12,第六版。
聯合報d,「請速保護國片,這裡提供簡易可行的有效辦法」,1960/6/13,第六版。
四、英文
Adorno, T.W. and Max Horkheimer, 1993, “The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception.” Dialectic of Enlightenment. New York: Continuum.
Alexander J.and Seidman S, 1990, Culture and Society: Contemporary Debates. Cambridge University Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C., 2003, The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C., 2004, “Toward a Theory of Cultural Trauma.” Pp. 1–29 in Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity, edited by J. C. Alexander, R. Eyerman, B. Giesen, N. J. Smelser, and P. Sztompka,. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C., and Philip Smith, 1993, “The Discourse of American Civil Society: A New Proposal for Cultural Studies.” Theory and Society 22: 151–207.
Alexander, Victoria, 1996, “Pictures at an Exhibition.” American Journal of Sociology 101(4):797-839.
American for the Arts (1998). Cultural Districts Handbook: The Arts as a Strategy for Revitalizing Our Cities. American for the Arts.
Amsden, Alice H., 1985, “The State and Taiwan's Economic Development.” Pp78-106. in Bringing the State Back In. edited by P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, T. and Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Amsden, Alice H., 1989, Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. New York: Oxford University Press.
Anholt, S., 2008, “Place branding: Is it marketing, or isn’t it?” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4(1), 1-6.
Arrighi, Silver, and Brewer ,2003, “Industrial convergence, globalization, and the persistence of the North-South divide.” Studies in Comparative International Development 38(1):3-31.
Atul Kohli, 2004, State-directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bair, Jennifer, 2011, “Constructing Scarcity, Creating Value: Marketing the Mundo Maya.” Pp.177-196 in The Cultural Wealth of Nations. Edited by Bandelj and Werry. California: Stanford University Press.
Bair, Jennifer, and Gary Gereffi, 2001, “Local Clusters in Global Chains: The Causes and Consequences of Export Dynamism in Torreon’s Blue Jeans Industry.” World and Regional Research 21(2):323-339.
Baldwin, R.E and Evenett, S.J., 2015, “Value Creation and Trade in 21st Century Manufacturing: What Policies for UK Manufacturing?” Journal of Regional Science 55(1): 31-50.
Bandeli, Nina and Wherry, F. F, 2011, The Cultural Wealth of Nations. California: Stanford University Press.
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