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研究生： 曾璽廷
Tseng, Hsi-Ting
論文名稱： NTHU-13系列鎵鋅亞磷酸鹽催化性質研究與錳次磷酸鹽之合成、結構與性質研究
(1) Catalytic Property Study for Gallium Zincophosphites of the NTHU-13 Series (2) Syntheses, Polymorphs and Structure-Property Relationships of Manganese Hypophosphites
指導教授： 王素蘭
Wang, Sue-Lein
口試委員: 林嘉和
Lin, Chia-Her
李光華
Lii, Kwang-Hwa
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 256
中文關鍵詞： 鎵鋅亞磷酸鹽 、二氧化碳環加成催化 、金屬次磷酸鹽 、相轉變
外文關鍵詞： Gallium Zincophosphites, CO2 Cycloaddition, Metal Hypophosphites, Phase transition
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    • 本論文分為兩個主題，主題一為開發NTHU-13系列化合物的催化應用並且探討其催化活性位置；主題二為錳次磷酸鹽的合成及性質研究。本研究中所合成的化合物皆藉由單晶X光繞射儀鑑定結構以及由粉末X光繞射儀確認產物純度，其後再針對每個化合物的特性進行性質量測與開發應用。
    在主題一的研究中，依據NTHU-13系列結構的建構單元的結構特性，推測其中的建構單元C [Zn(HPO3)2(H2O)4]2–可能具有二氧化碳環加成催化的潛力，首先確認了NTHU-13系列中四十員環對二氧化碳與環氧丙烷環加成反應生成碳酸丙烯酯具有催化活性。而後固定相同的催化反應條件，利用同屬NTHU-13系列沒有建構單元C的二十四員環，以及在每個晶格單元中建構單元C較多的五十六員環與上述的四十員環比較催化效率，確認建構單元C的數量與催化轉換率呈現正相關，再藉由與四十員環具有相同建構單元C數量的二十八員環比較，證實轉換效率與結構員環數無關。將四十員環的建構單元C部分摻雜鎂金屬，可進一步使催化轉換率提升，此外將建構單元A完全置換成鋁金屬，則發現其催化效率差異不大，再度證實了建構單元C是催化活性位的假設。
    鑒於金屬次磷酸的合成與性質探討在文獻上仍非常有限，主題二的研究利用水熱合成以及對環境較為友善的蒸氣擴散法(vapor diffusion)合成出五個錳次磷酸鹽化合物，其無機結構的化學式皆可用(Mn(H2PO2)2)表示；依結構是否含溶劑分子，可再將其區分為三種純無機的同分異構物 (polymorphs)，命名為A1-A3，以及結構孔洞中含有機溶劑的A4及A5，並對各個化合物的熱穩定性、放光性質及磁性進行量測並討論，其中發現A2及A3在加熱過程中均會相轉變成A1。另外也發現一些結構可藉由摻雜鎂金屬可以影響結構的熱穩定性。
    總結本論文成果，首先成功證實NTHU-13系列結構對二氧化碳環加成反應之催化活性及反應活性位，為NTHU-13系列的金屬亞磷酸鹽晶性孔洞材料之實用性的研究向前邁進一步。其次，本研究利用對環境友善的合成法開發了數個錳次磷酸結構，並提供了相關的性質研究，期許能對後續其他金屬次磷酸鹽的合成與應用有所啟發。

    This thesis focuses on two topics: topic A is to develop the application of NTHU-13 series as heterogeneous catalysts for cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxide, namely CO2 fixation; topic B presents the syntheses, polymorphs and structure-property relationships of manganese hypophosphites. All of the compounds were obtained either by hydrothermal synthesis or vapor diffusion crystallization and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The sample purity was verified by comparing as-measured with calculated powder X-ray diffraction patterns before further physical property measurements.
    In topic A, it was conjectured that 40R(Ga) could be a catalyst in CO2 fixation because of the unique structural building unit of [Zn(HPO3)2(H2O)4]2– named Block C. By comparing the catalysis efficiencies of 56R(Ga) and 24R(Ga), 56R(Ga) showed higher catalytic efficiency but 24R(Ga) was almost catalytically inactive because they contained different numbers of Block C. It could be realized that the more Block C (i.e. 56R(Ga)) the structure had, the higher catalytic efficiency it could perform. 28R(Ga), which had the same number of Block C in comparison with 40R(Ga), showed the same catalytic efficiency as 40R(Ga). Additionally, we doped Mg in the metal center of Block C, named Mg@40R(Ga) and also replaced the metal centers of Block A by aluminum, named 40R(Al). Interestingly, the results showed that the catalytic efficiency of Mg@40R(Ga) was raised whereas that of the 40R(Al) remained the same with 40R(Ga). These results proved that Block C was the catalytic activity center, and the ring size or the other building blocks did not affect the catalytic activity. Two possible mechanisms were proposed to discuss the process of CO2 fixation by using NTHU-13 series material.
    In topic B, five manganese hypophosphites were introduced. According to whether the structure possesses solvent molecules or not, these compounds can be classified into two categories. Firstly, three polymorphs (A1~A3) with the formula of Mn(H2PO2)2 contained infinite chains of edge-sharing MnO6, which were connected by H2PO2 pseudo-tetrahedra to form different topologies including layer and 3D framework. The compounds, A4 and A5, comprised organic solvents in the structure to give the formula of Mn(H2PO2)2·x(solvent). Except via hydrothermal synthesis, we successfully utilized vapor diffusion crystallization to synthesize these compounds. One of the pivotal results of this section is that A2 and A3 could be phase transformed into A1 by thermal treatment. Besides, with the incorporation of Mg2+ into Mn2+ sites, the thermal stability of A6 structure could be improved. I hope that these manganese hypophosphites prepared via an environmentally friendly method could have practicability in the future.

    第一章 緒論 1 1-1 簡介 1 1-2 論文研究目標與成果摘要 8 1-3 實驗方法 13 1-3-1 水熱合成法 (Hydrothermal synthesis) 13 1-3-2 蒸氣擴散合成法 (Vapor diffusion synthesis) 17 1-3-3 二氧化碳環加成催化反應 19 1-3-4 藥品一覽表 22 1-4 鑑定方法 24 1-4-1單晶X-ray繞射與結構分析(SXRD) 25 1-4-2粉末X-ray繞射分析(PXRD) 28 1-4-3熱重分析儀(TGA) 29 1-4-4元素分析(EA) 29 1-4-5超導量子干涉磁量儀(SQUID) 29 1-4-6液態核磁共振光譜儀 (NMR) 30 1-4-7 螢光譜儀 (PL) 31 1-4-8 電感耦合電漿體質譜儀 (ICP-MS) 31 1-4-9 反射式X光螢光光譜儀 (XRF) 31 1-5 參考文獻 32   第二章 具大員環數鎵鋅亞磷酸鹽用於二氧化碳催化性質研究 35 2-1 簡介 35 2-2催化材料合成 41 2-3化合物的鑑定及分析 45 2-3-1 單晶X繞射(SXRD)與結構解析 45 2-3-2 粉末X-ray繞射分析(PXRD) 47 2-3-3 反射式X光螢光光譜儀(XRF) 48 2-3-4 電感耦合電漿體質譜分析(ICP-MS) 48 2-3-5催化轉化率計算 49 2-4 結果與討論 50 2-4-1 助催化劑在反應中的角色探討 50 2-4-2 NTHU-13建構單元C在反應中的角色探討 53 2-4-3 摻雜不同金屬在催化活性位造成催化轉換率改變探討 57 2-4-4 推測可能的催化反應機制 60 2-4-5 催化反應後結構穩定性 65 2-4-6 將建構單元A完全置換成鋁金屬對催化造成影響 66 2-4-7 NTHU-13催化整理 69 2-5 結論 71 2-6 參考文獻 73   第三章 探索錳次磷酸鹽之同分異構物合成與性質鑑定 75 3-1 簡介 75 3-2 合成方法 84 3-2-1 水熱合成法 84 3-2-2 蒸氣擴散合成法 86 3-3 化合物鑑定及分析 90 3-3-1 單晶X光繞射(SXRD)與結構分析 90 3-3-2 粉末X-ray繞射分析(PXRD) 98 3-3-3 摻雜後金屬比例分析 101 3-3-4 熱穩定分析 102 3-3-5發光特性分析 116 3-3-6磁性分析(SQUID) 117 3-4結果與討論 129 3-4-1 結構描述 129 3-4-2合成條件討論 143 3-4-3其他金屬次磷酸鹽同分異構物結構比較 147 3-4-4 金屬次磷酸鹽同分異構物之相轉變關係 149 3-4-5 文獻上錳次磷酸鹽結構比較 153 3-5 結論 155 3-6參考資料 157   第四章 總結與未來展望 161 附錄一 晶體數據列表 165 附錄二 CO2環加成催化之NMR數據 241

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