臺灣紅羽土雞為國內主要的禽畜產業，由於缺乏有系統的育種選拔，產蛋率逐年下降。本研究以蛋白質體學為基礎，探討禽類在產蛋期間血清蛋白質和產蛋數的關係，並提出以血清蛋白質濃度作為產蛋前及產蛋期間對於低產蛋雞的多階段性淘汰策略，以降低飼養成本及提升雞隻的產蛋率。本研究分為三部份，第一部份為產蛋生物路徑圖製作與分析；第二部份為雞群於產蛋期間血清蛋白質濃度與蛋數之相關性分析探討；第三部份為密碼篩選法於產蛋前低產雞隻之淘汰預測分析。由產蛋生物路徑圖分析發現，有三群血清蛋白質體和產蛋相關，分別為性賀爾蒙與細胞激素、蛋黃相關分子及蛋白相關分子 。為了要了解蛋白質在血清中的表現量和總蛋數的關係, 我們在同群雞中分析四種血清蛋白質，分別為vitellogenin, ovotransferrin, apolipoprotein A-I 與類IGF-I蛋白質於之產蛋初期(24週齡)與產蛋高峰期(35週齡)相對濃度與總蛋數之相關性，結果顯示除了ovotransferrin外, 其餘三種蛋白質在產蛋高峰期和蛋數有較明顯的相關性。由於以蛋白質濃度作為產蛋高峰期的篩選方式無法有效的降低飼養成本及提升產蛋率，我們試著觀察兩群雞隻之四種蛋白質標誌，分別為vitellogenin, apolipoprotein A-I, apo VLDL-II與IGF-I類蛋白質於產蛋前期(14 週齡)、初期(24週齡)與高峰期(35週齡)濃度的變化，並且將兩群雞隻之數量與濃度，轉換為複數個分數與序號與相對應密碼；結合分數與序號密碼為區域性密碼並比對其相符性以篩選所需之禽類。由密碼篩選法我們在蛋白質濃度呈現隨機分布的兩群雞隻間找出低產雞群蛋白質濃度分布的規則性。運用密碼篩選法，我們推算可以由產蛋前期(14週齡)預測淘汰19.5%雞群，其中78.8%為後50%之低產雞群，產蛋率經預測提升3%。由本研究所提出的篩選策略，顯著的提升了以蛋白質標誌作為早期淘汰低產雞的可行性。

Taiwan Red-feathered country chickens (TRFCC) was the main livestock products in our country. Owing to the lack of any systematic breeding program, the egg production rate has gradually decreased. Based on the basis of proteomics, this study was to investigate the correlation between serum protein levels and egg productivity during the laying period. Furthermore, multiple-stage selection for egg production using serum protein levels was proposed from growing to the laying period. The thesis was segmented into three chapter：chapter 1, analysis of oviposition-related biopathway in avians; chapter 2, association of serum protein levels with egg productivity in Taiwan Red-feathered country chickens; chapter 3, selection strategy using serum protein levels to improve egg production in Taiwan red-feathered country chickens. Three groups of serum proteins, including sex hormones and cytokines, egg yolk-related molecules and egg white-related molecules were related to egg production. In order to understand the association between serum protein levels and egg number, we investigate the relative levels of four ovipostion-related proteins, vitellogenin, ovotransferrin, IGF-I and apo A-I during initial egg production (24 wk) and peak egg production (35 wk). Except for ovotransferrin, the other proteins were shown to be significantly associated with egg number at peak egg production compared to the number of initial egg production. Since serum protein levels were not significantly different at 24 wk old, traditional statistical analysis using serum protein levels as a selection threshold could not be applied for chicken selection at this stage. However, selection at latter stage using serum protein levels seems not to decrease the breeding costs. To solve the problem, we bring up code-selection method by observing the levels of serum proteins in two batches of birds at 14, 24 and 35 wk old. The approach was to transform serum protein levels as a set of scores and ranks. The set of scores and ranks was then combined as a set of regional codes. Then the birds with similar codes in two batches of birds were selected. By the code-selection approach, we have found the regularity of serum protein levels of low egg production populations in these two batches of birds. 19.5% of chickens could be selected and 3% of egg production rate was estimated to be improved by the method during 14 wk old. Moreover, within those selected birds, 78.8% were belonged to lower 50% egg production group. The novel selection strategy of those protein levels at immature stage may provide a screening model to decrease the breeding costs and improve egg productivity.

chapter 1:
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