醫療服務關係著人們的健康與性命，些微的差錯都可能造成無法挽回的遺憾。藥物治療是就醫過程中最常見的方式，但目前國內外在藥物錯誤事件仍占各種醫療錯誤事件的大宗，而藥物錯誤事件不僅直接造成病人傷害、醫療成本增加，間接地也會影響從業人員的信心和醫院的名譽受損。
本研究針對藥局調劑階段進行深入的探討，企圖了解調劑作業的熟悉度與調劑作業複雜度對藥物辨識績效的影響。本研究方法採用實驗室法模擬藥局的調劑作業，以九種目標項目搭配三種作業複雜度（低、中、高），隨機出現27次任務讓受試者進行模擬調劑。結果顯示，作業熟悉度與作業複雜度皆會影響到藥物辨識績效中所花費的時間；而作業熟悉度與作業複雜度並不會影響到藥物辨識績效中的錯誤情況。另外在造成調劑錯誤調查的問卷分析結果，也有些與過去文獻所提出之論點相互呼應之處，例如：未做覆核、人員疏忽、目標物外型或包裝相似、工作負荷量大、未遵照標準作業流程等。因此，要降低錯誤發生事件除了可以藉由：(1)藥局裡的教育訓練及警示系統發揮預防的機制；(2)透過人員適當的休息與調度也是可以降低調劑錯誤的方法之一。

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