目的：探討國小學童課餘時間從事靜態活動的時間與飲食行為對其身體質量指數（body mass index, BMI）的影響。方法：以新竹縣竹仁國小一至六年級884位學童為研究對象。問卷版本分為家長版（低年級）與自填版（中、高年級）兩種。資料以描述統計、皮爾森積差相關、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析及卡方檢定等方法進行分析，顯著水準為α=.05。結果：一、靜態活動時間分析：（一）整體而言，學童從事上課性靜態活動最久，且中年級學童因為實施半天課程，所以從事上課性靜態活動的時間，顯著高於高年級學童；（二）高年級男童使用電腦的時間，顯著高於中低年級學童與高年級女童；（三）肥胖體位學童的電視觀賞量，顯著多於過重與非過重體位學童。二、飲食行為分析：（一）低年級學童食用點心類食物的次數，顯著大於中、高年級學童，推測與安親班的供應有關；（二）從事科技性靜態活動超過健康臨界時間的學童，攝取特定食物的次數顯著多於非超過者；（三）學童BMI值與靜態活動伴隨飲食次數無顯著相關，可能與飲食次數無法代表飲食的量有關。三、家庭環境因素：（一）房間設置電視或電腦的學童，電視觀賞量與使用電腦的時間，均明顯比未設置者多；（二）社經地位上，父母親教育程度越低，電視觀賞量與邊用餐邊看電視的次數越高。結論：控制學童使用電玩、電視及電腦等科技性靜態活動的時間，是防治兒童肥胖的重要作法。學校可於課餘時間增設運動社團或體育安親班，提供家庭地位低的學童更多的運動機會。

Purpose: To analysis of sedentary activities and dietary behaviors after school in primary school children impact on body mass index. Methods: A representative sample of primary school children aged 7-12 (N=844) from Hsin-Chu country Chu-Jen elementary school. Questionnaires edition include “parents (lower grade) and “student” (middle and higher grade). Data analysis by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) andχ-square test, α=.05. Results: A. Sedentary activity: (a) The “cram school / day care” is the main sedentary activities for primary school students after school. In addition, middle grade students spent much time than higher grade students. (b) Time of “playing video games” in higher grade students and boys obviously higher than lower grade students and girls. (c) Obesity students’ TV viewing obviously higher than overweight and normal weight students. B. Dietary behaviors: (a) Number of times of eating snacks in lower grade students are obviously higher than middle and higher grade students. (b) For students who surpass sedentary activities health critical hours, the frequencies of eating snacks, fast food and drinks more higher than those below critical hours. C. Family environment: (a) Setting a TV/computer in child room will induce children spent more time on watching TV/using computer. (b) Child in family with lower socioeconomic status trends to spend more time on watching TV than those with higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Monitoring time of play video game, use computer , and watch TV that will be effective strategies to prevent childhood obesity. Schools should provide activity cram school for children with lower socioeconomic status after school, to use as increasing sport opportunities.

引用文獻
張粹文、林宇旋、蔡秀鳳、張新儀、吳浚明（2006）：台灣地區幼兒及兒童靜態活動與日常生活行為問題初探—2005年國民健康訪問暨藥物濫用調查結果。國家衛生研究院電子報。2009年3月28日取自：http://enews.nhri.org.tw/enews_list_new2_.php?volume_indx=159&showx=showarticle&article_indx=3280&enews_dt=2006-07-20
教育部體育司（2007）：94學年度全國國民中小學學生健康狀況調查結果報告。2009年4月27日取自：http://140.122.72.62/history/?id=1e9111151233ed67dcf69e1a05d6b4da
楊雅安、劉佩茹、何建良、湯馥君（2001）：運動量與電視觀賞量對學童身體質量指數之影響。體育學報，30，301-310。
樂冠華、潘怜燕、林明珠、張欣儀、石曜堂（2003）：台灣地區兒童特殊靜態活動、高熱量飲食攝取及身體質量指數之分析：2001年NHIS之結果。台灣公共衛生雜誌，22（6），474-482。
劉照金（1998）：性別、年級、生活型態對國小學童體適能影響之研究。屏東科技大學學報，7，81-89。
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2001). Committee on public education. Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics, 107, 423-426.
Anderson, S. E., Economos, C. D., & Must, A. (2008). Active play and screen time in US children aged 4 to 11 years in relation to sociodemographic and weight status characteristics: a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis. BioMed Central Public Health, 8, 1-13.
Atkin, A. J., Gorely, T., Biddle, S. J. H., Marshall, S, J., & Cameron, N. (2008). Critical hours: Physical activity and sedentary behavior of adolescents after school. Pediatric Exercise Science, 20, 446-456.
Caroli, M., Argentieri, L., Cardone, M., & Masi, A. (2004). Role of television in childhood obesity prevention. International Journal of Obesity, 28, 104-108.
Carter, O. B. (2006). The weighty issue of Australian television food advertising and childhood obesity. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 17(1), 5-11.
Chu, N. F. (2005). Prevalence of obesity in Taiwan. Obesity Reviews,6, 271-274.
Coon, K. A., Goldberg, J., Rogers, B. C., & Tucker, K. C. (2001). Relationships between use of television during meals and children’s food consumption patterns. Pediatrics, 107(1), e7.
Crawford, D., & Ball, K. (2002). Behavioural determinants of the obesity epidemic. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11, 718-721.
Crespo, C. J., Smit, E., Troiano, R. P., Bartlett, S. J., Macera, C. A., & Andersen, R. E. (2001). Television watching, energy intake and obesity in US children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 155, 360-365.
Cummings, H. M., & Vandewater, E. A. (2007). Relation of adolescent video game play to time spent in other activities. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicines, 161(7), 684-689.
Dennison, B. A., Erb, T. A., & Jenkins, P. L. (2002). Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-Income preschool children. Pediatrics, 109(6), 1028-1035.
Dietz, W. H., & Gortmaker, S. L. (1985). Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 75(5), 807-812.
Ekelund, U., Brage, S., Froberg, K., Harro, M., Anderssen, S. A., Sardinha, L. B., et al. (2006). TV viewing and physical activity are independently associated with metabolic risk in children: the European Youth Heart Study. Medicine, 3(12), 2449-2457.
Gomez, L. F., Parra, D. C., Lobelo, F., Samper, B., Moreno, J., Jacoby, E., et al. (2007). Television viewing and its association with overweight in Colombian children: results from the 2005 National Nutrition Survey: A cross sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 4(41), 1-8.
Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. S., & Popkin, B. M. (2002). Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status. Obesity Research, 10(3), 141-149.
Grund, A., Krause, H., Siewers, M., Rieckert, H., & Muller, M. J. (2000). Is TV viewing an index of physical activity and fitness in overweight and normal weight children? Public Health Nutrition, 4(6), 1245-1251.
Halford, J. C., Gillespie, J., Brown, V., Pontin, E. E., & Dovey, T. M., (2004). Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children. Appetite, 42, 221-225.
Harrison, K., & Marske, A. L. (2005). Nutritional content of foods advertised during the television programs children watch most. American Journal of Public Health, 95(9), 1568-1574.
Hesketh, K., Wake, M., Graham, M., & Water, E. (2007). Stability of television viewing and electronic game/computer use in a prospective cohort study of Australian children: relationship with body mass index. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 4(60), 1-8.
Hsieh, P. L., & FitzGerald, M. (2005). Childhood obesity in Taiwan: review of the Taiwanese literature. Nursing & Health Sciences, 7(2), 134-142.
Jodan, A. B., Hersey, J. C., McDivitt, J. A., & Heitzler, C. D. (2006). Reducing children's television-viewing time: A qualitative study of parents and their children. Pediatrics, 118, 1303-1310.
Kautiainen. S., Koivusilta, L., Lintonen, T., Virtanen, S. M., & Rimpela, A. (2005). Use of information and communication technology and prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 29, 925-933.
Liou, T. H., Huang, Y. C., & Chou, P. (2009). Prevalence and secular trends in overweight and obese Taiwanese children and adolescents in 1991-2003. Annals of Human Biology, 36(2), 176-185.
Marshall, S. J., Biddle, S. J. H., Gorely, T., Cameron, N., & Murdey, I. (2004). Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 28, 1238-1246.
Matheson, D. M., Killen, J. D., Wang, Y., Varady, A., & Robinson, T. N. (2004). Children’s food consumption during television viewing. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79, 1088-1094.
Mattes, R. D. (1996). Dietary compensation by humans for supplemental energy provided as ethanol or carbohydrate in fluids. Physiology & Behavior, 59(1), 179-187.
McMurray, R. G.., Harrell, J. S., Deng, S., Bradley, C. B., Cox, L. M., & Bangdiwala, S. I. (2000). The influence of physical activity, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity on the weight status of adolescents. Obesity Research, 8(2), 130-139.
Proctor, M. H., Moore, L. L., Gao, D., Cupples, L. A., Bradlee, M. L., Hood, M.Y., et al. (2003). Television viewing and change in body fat from preschool to early adolescence: The Framingham Children’s Study. International Journal of Obesity, 27, 827-833.
Robinson, J. L., Winiewicz, D. D., Fuerch, J. H., Roemmich, J. N., & Epstein, L. H. (2006). Relationship between parental estimate and an objective measure of child television watching. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 3(43), 1-5.
Rosenbaum, M., & Leibel, R. L. (1998). The physiology of body weight regulation: Relevance to the etiology of obesity in children. Pediatrics, 101, 525-539.
Salmon, J., Campbell, K. J., & Crawford, D. A. (2006). Television viewing habits associated with obesity risk factors: a survey of Melbourne schoolchildren. Medical Journal of Australia, 184, 64-67.
Salmon, J., Timperio, A., Telford, A., Carver, A., & Crawford, D. (2005). Association of family environment with children's television viewing and with low level of physical activity. Obesity Research, 13(11), 1939-1951.
Schmitz, M. K., & Jeffery, R. W. (2000). Public health interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity. The Medical Clinics of North America, 84(2), 491-512.
Tremblay, M. S., & Willms, J. D. (2003). Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? International Journal of Obesity, 27, 1100-1105.
Tudor-Locke, C., Lee, S. M., Morgan, C. F., Beighle, A., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2006). Children’s pedometer-determined physical activity during the segmented school day. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 38:1732–1738.
US Department of Health & Human Services.（2000). Healthy people 2010: Understanding and improving health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
Vandewater, E. A., Shim, M., & Caplovitz A. G. (2004). Linking obesity and activity level with children’s television and video game use. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 71-85.
Vereecken, C. A., Todd, J., Robert, C., Mulvihill, C., & Maes, L. (2006). Television viewing behaviour and associations with food habits in different countries. Public Health Nutrition, 9(2), 244-250.
Whitaker, R. C., Wright, J. A., Pepe, M. S., Seidel, K. D., & Dietz, W. H. (1997). Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine, 337(13), 869-873.
World Health Organization (2000). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series No. 894. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Wiecha, J. L., Peterson, K. E., Ludwig, D. S., Kim, J., Sobol, A., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2006). When children eat what they watch: Impact of television viewing on dietary intake in youth. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160, 436-442.
Yoon, K. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Cho, J. H., Choi, Y. H., Ko, S. H., et al. (2006). Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia. The Lancet, 368, 1681-1688.